Publications by Partners

Recent publications on Buruli ulcer

Marsollier L, Aubry J, Coutanceau E, Andre JP, Small PL, Milon G, Legras P, Guadagnini S, Carbonnelle B, Cole ST. (2005) Colonization of the salivary glands of Naucoris cimicoides by Mycobacterium ulcerans requires host plasmatocytes and a macrolide toxin, mycolactone. Cell Microbiol. July 7:935-43. (abstract)
Mark Wansbrough-Jones and Richard Philips. (2005) Buruli ulcer. BMJ June 330:1402-1403.

BNI

Stahl-Hennig C, Steinman RM, Tenner-Racz K, Pope M, Stolte N, Matz-Rensing K, Grobschupff G, Raschdorff B, Hunsmann G, Racz P. (1999) Rapid infection of oral mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue with simian immunodeficiency virus. Science 285: 1261-3.
Hoerauf A, Volkmann L, Hamelmann C, Adjei O, Autenrieth IB, Fleischer B, Buttner DW. (2000) Endosymbiotic bacteria in worms as targets for a novel chemotherapy in filariasis. Lancet 355:1242-3.
Stellbrink HJ, van Lunzen J, Westby M, O'Sullivan E, Schneider C, Adam A, Weitner L, Kuhlmann B, Hoffmann C, Fenske S, Aries PS, Degen O, Eggers C, Petersen H, Haag F, Horst HA, Dalhoff K, Mocklinghoff C, Cammack N, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P. (2002) Effects of interleukin-2 plus highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA (COSMIC trial). AIDS 16:1479-87.
Jacobs T, Graefe SE, Niknafs S, Gaworski I, Fleischer B. (2002) Murine malaria is exacerbated by CTLA-4 blockade. J Immunol 169:2323-9.
Satoguina J, Mempel M, Larbi J, Badusche M, Loliger C, Adjei O, Gachelin G, Fleischer B, Hoerauf A. (2002) Antigen-specific T regulatory-1 cells are associated with immunosuppression in a chronic helminth infection (onchocerciasis). Microbes Infect 4:1291-300.
Schulz A, Mellenthin K, Schonian G, Fleischer B, Drosten C. (2003) Detection, differentiation, and quantitation of pathogenic leishmania organisms by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 41:1529-35.
Kramme S, Bretzel G, Panning M, Kawuma J, Drosten C. (2003) Detection and quantification of Mycobacterium leprae in tissue samples by real-time PCR. Med Microbiol Immunol 2003 Jul 22 [Epub ahead of print]
Braun N, Marfo Y, von Gartner C, Burchard GD, Zipfel PF, Browne NE, Fleischer B, Broker BM. (2003) CTLA-4 positive T cells in contrast to procalcitonin plasma levels discriminate between severe and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ghanaian children. Trop Med Int Health 8:1018-24.
Kutin K, Kruppa TF, Brenya R, Garms R. (2004) Efficiency of Simulium sanctipauli as a vector of Onchocerca volvulus in the forest zone of Ghana. Med Vet Entomol 18:167-73.
Afrane YA, Klinkenberg E, Drechsel P, Owusu-Daaku K, Garms R, Kruppa TF. (2004) Does irrigated urban agriculture influence the transmission of malaria in the city of Kumasi, Ghana? Acta Trop 89:125-34.
Graefe SE, Jacobs T, Wachter U, Broker BM, Fleischer B. (2004) CTLA-4 regulates the murine immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Parasite Immunol 26:19-28.
Saeftel M, Krueger A, Arriens S, Heussler V, Racz P, Fleischer B, Brombacher F, Hoerauf A (2004) Mice deficient in interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-4 receptor alpha have higher resistance to sporozoite infection with Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) than do naïve wild-type mice. Infect Immun 72:322-31.
Jacobs T, Plate T, Gaworski I, Fleischer B. (2004) CTLA-4-dependent mechanisms prevent T cell induced-liver pathology during the erythrocyte stage of Plasmodium berghei malaria. Eur J Immunol 34:972-80.
Tenner-Racz K, Hennig CS, Uberla K, Stoiber H, Ignatius R, Heeney J, Steinman RM, Racz P. (2004) Early protection against pathogenic virus infection at a mucosal challenge site after vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:3017-22.
Siegmund V, Adjei O, Racz P, Berberich C, Klutse E, van Vloten F, Kruppa TF, Fleischer B, Bretzel G. (2004) A dry reagent based PCR as a novel tool for the laboratory confirmation of clinically diagnosed M. ulcerans disease in Ghana. J Clin Microbiol 43:271-6.
van der Werf TS, Stienstra Y, Johnson RC, Phillips R, Adjei O, Fleischer B, Wansbrough-Jones MH, Johnson PDR, Portaels F, van der Graaf WTA, Asiedu K. Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) - a review. Bull WHO (in press)

ITM

Portaels F, Fonteyne P-A, De Beenhouwer H, de Rijk P, Guédénon A, Hayman J, WM Meyers. 1996. Variability in 3'end of the 16S rRNA sequence of Mycobacterium ulcerans is related to geographic origin of isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:962-965 (1996).
Thangaraj HS, Adjei O, Allen BW, Portaels F, Evans MR, Banerjee DK, Wansbrough-Jones MH. (2000) In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, amikacin and rifampicin against Ghanaian isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans. J Antimicrob Chemother 45(2):231-3.
F. Portaels, P. Johnson and W.M. Meyers, eds. (2001) Buruli Ulcer. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease. A manual for health care providers. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Chemlal K, Huys G, Laval F, Vincent V, Savage C, Gutierrez C, Laneelle M-A, Swings J, Meyers WM, Daffe M, Portaels F. (2002) Characterization of an unusual Mycobacterium: a possible missing link between Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium ulcerans. J Clin Microbiol 40: 2370-2380.
Espey DK, Djomand G, Diomande I, Dosso M, Saki MZ, Kanga JM, Spiegel RA, Marston BJ, Gorelkin L, Meyers WM, Portaels F, Deming MS, Horsburgh CR Jr. (2002) A pilot study of treatment of Buruli ulcer with rifampin and dapsone. Int J Infect Dis 6: 60-65.
Johnson RC, Ifebe D, Hans-Moevi A, Kestens L, Houessou R, Guédénon A, Meyers WM, Portaels F. (2002) Disseminated Mycobacterium ulcerans disease in a HIV-positive patient: a case study. AIDS 16: 1704-1705.
Portaels F, Aguiar J, Debacker M, Steunou C, Zinsou C, Guédénon A, Meyers WM. (2002) Prophylactic effect of BCG vaccination in children against osteomyelitis in Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer). Clin Diagn Lab Immun 9: 1389-1391.
Debacker M, Zinsou C, Aguiar J, Meyers W, Portaels F. (2002) Clinical picture: Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) following human bite. Lancet 2002; 360: 1830.
Debacker M, Zinsou C, Aguiar J, Meyers WM, Portaels F. (2003) First case of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli Ulcer) that followed a human bite. Clin Infect Dis 36: e67-e68.
Aujoulat I, Johnson RC, Zinsou C, Guédénon A, Portaels F. (2003) Psychosocial aspects of health seeking behaviours of patients with Buruli ulcer: results of a qualitative study among 130 adults and 30 children in southern Benin. Trop Med Int Health 8: 750-759.
Mve-Obiang A, Lee RE, Portaels F, Small PLC. (2003) Heterogeneity of Mycolactone toxins produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans: Implications on virulence. Infect Immun 71: 774-783.
Pszolla N, Sarkar MR, Strecker W, Kern P, Kinzl L, Meyers WM, Portaels F. (2003) Buruli Ulcer - a systemic disease. Clin Inf Dis 37: e78-82.
Noeske J, Kuaban C, Rondini S, Sorlin P, Ciaffi L, Mbuagbaw J, Portaels F, Pluschke G. (2004) Buruli ulcer disease in Cameroon - rediscovered. Am J Trop Med Hyg; 70: 520-526
Portaels F, Aguiar J, Debacker M, Guédénon A, Steunou C, Zinsou C, Meyers WM. (2004) BCG vaccination as prophylaxis against Mycobacterium ulcerans osteomyelitis in Buruli Ulcer disease. Infect Immun 72: 62-65.
Scott JT, Johnson CR, Aguiar J, Debacker M, Kestens L, Guédénon A, Gryseels B, Portaels F. (2004) Schistosoma haematobium infection and Buruli ulcer. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 551-552.
Daniel AK, Lee RE, Portaels F, Small PLC. (2004) Analysis of Mycobacterium species for the presence of a macrolide toxin, mycolactone. Infect Immun 72: 123-132.
Debacker M, Aguiar J, Steunou C, Zinsou C, Meyers WM, Guédénon A, Scott JT, Dramaix M, Portaels F. (2004) Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease (Buruli ulcer) in a Rural Hospital, Southern Benin, 1997-(2001) Emerging Infect Dis 10: 1391-1398.
Johnson RC, Makoutode M, Hougnihin R, Guédénon A, Ifebe DO, Boko M, Portaels F. (2004) Le traitement traditionnel de l'Ulcère de Buruli au Bénin. Médecine Tropicale 64: 145-150.
Eddyani M, Ofori-Adjei D, Teugels G, De Weirdt D, Boakye D, Meyers WM, Portaels F. (2004) Potential role for fish in transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer): an environmental study. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, in press.
Kotlowski R, Martin A, Ablordey A, Chemlal K, Fonteyne PA, Portaels F. (2004) One-tube cell lysis and DNA extraction procedure for PCR-based detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans in aquatic insects, mollusks and fish. J Med Microbiol, in press.
Stragier P, Ablordey A, Meyers WM, Portaels F. (2005) Genotyping Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum by using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units. J Bacteriol 187: 1639-1647.
van der Werf TS, Stienstra Y, Johnson RC, Phillips R, Adjei O, Fleischer B, Wansbrough-Jones MH, Johnson PDR, Portaels F, van der Graaf WTA, Asiedu K. Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) - a review. Bull WHO (in press)
Stragier P, Ablordey A, Bayonne LM, Lugor YL, Sindani IS, Suykerbuyk P, Wabinga H, Meyers WM, Portaels F. (2006) Heterogeneity among Mycobacterium ulcerans from Africa. Emerg Inf Dis 12: 844-847.

PNULB

Aujoulat I, Zinsou C, Johnson RC, Guédénon A, Portaels F. (2000) Prise en charge précoce des cas d'ulcère de Buruli: le poids des croyances et des représentations. Bull ALLF 7: 35-37.
Johnson RC, Ifebe D, Hans-Moevi A, Kestens L, Houessou R, Guedenon A, Meyers WM, Portaels F. (2002) Disseminated Mycobacterium ulcerans disease in an HIV-positive patient: a case study. AIDS 16:1704-5.
Aujoulat I, Johnson RC, Zinsou C, Guédénon A, Portaels F. (2003) Psychosocial aspects of health seeking behaviours of patients with Buruli ulcer: results of a qualitative study among 130 adults and 30 children in southern Benin. Trop Med Int Health 8: 750-759.
Johnson RC, Makoutode M, Hougnihin R, Guédénon A, Ifebe DO, Boko M, Portaels F. (2004) Le traitement traditionnel de l’Ulcère de Buruli au Bénin. Médecine Tropicale 64: 145-150.
Scott JT, Johnson RC, Aguiar J, Debacker M, Kestens L, Guedenon A, Gryseels B, Portaels F. (2004) Schistosoma haematobium infection and Buruli ulcer. Emerg Infect Dis. 10:551-2.
Stienstra Y, Dijkstra PU, Guedenon A, Johnson RC, Ampadu EO, Mensah T, Klutse EY, Etuaful S, Deepak S, van der Graaf WT, van der Werf TS. (2004) Development of a questionnaire assessing Buruli ulcer-induced functional limitation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70:318-22.
Knipper P, Zilliox R, Johnson C, Antoine P. (2004) Buruli Disease and plastic surgery”. Ann Chir Plast Estht. 49:265-272.
Johnson RC, Makoutode M, Houngnihin R, Guédenon A, Ifebe D O; Boko M, Portaels F. (2004) Le traitement traditionnel de l’Ulcère de Buruli au Bénin. Médecine Tropicale 64:145-150.
van der Werf TS, Stienstra Y, Johnson RC, Phillips R, Adjei O, Fleischer B, Wansbrough-Jones MH, Johnson PDR, Portaels F, van der Graaf WTA, Asiedu K. Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) – a review. Bull WHO (in press)

DR Congo

Bafende AE, Lukanu NP, Numbi AN. (2002) Buruli ulcer in an AIDS patient. S Afr Med J. 2002 Jun;92(6):437.
Bafende AE, Imposo BB, Nsiangana ZS (2003) Profil clinique et épidémiologique de l’ulcère de buruli à kimpese. Congo Medical 2003(10):883-884.
Tankwe MS, Bafende AE, Diasiwa LP, Meli SP, Nsiangana ZS. (2003). Rural radiology in central Africa. S Afr Med J. 93:636
Suykerbuyk P, Phanzu D, Bafende E, Meirte D, Leirs H, Trefois P, Portaels F (2004) The potential role of freshwater snails, aquatic insects, fish, rodents, lizards and amphibians as reservoirs for Mycobacterium ulcerans. 8th Maastricht medical students research conference 2004.
Bafende AE, Phanzu MD, Imposo BB. (2004) Buruli ulcer in the Democratic Republic of Congo: epidemiology, presentation and outcome. Trop Doct 34:82-84.
Phanzu MD, Bafende AE, Imposo BBD, Dunda KB, Nsiangana ZS, Kibadi KA, Singa NJ, Meyers WM, Suykerbuyk P, Portaels F. Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) in a rural hospital in Bas-Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2002-2004 (Submitted).

KNUST

Adjei O, Evans MR, Asiedu A. (1998) Phenytoin in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92:108-9.
Evans MR, Etuaful SN, Amofah G, Adjei O, Lucas S, Wansbrough-Jones MH. (1999) Squamous cell carcinoma secondary to Buruli ulcer. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93:63-4.
Hoerauf A, Volkmann L, Hamelmann C, Adjei O, Autenrieth IB, Fleischer B, Buttner DW. (2000) Endosymbiotic bacteria in worms as targets for a novel chemotherapy in filariasis. Lancet.355:1242-3.
Thangaraj HS, Adjei O, Allen BW, Portaels F, Evans MR, Banerjee DK, Wansbrough-Jones MH. (2000) In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, amikacin and rifampicin against Ghanaian isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans. J Antimicrob Chemother 45(2):231-3.
Hoerauf A, Mand S, Adjei O, Fleischer B, Buttner DW. (2001) Depletion of wolbachia endobacteria in Onchocerca volvulus by doxycycline and microfilaridermia after ivermectin treatment. Lancet 357:1415-6.
Satoguina J, Mempel M, Larbi J, Badusche M, Loliger C, Adjei O, Gachelin G, Fleischer B, Hoerauf A. (2002) Antigen-specific T regulatory-1 cells are associated with immunosuppression in a chronic helminth infection (onchocerciasis). Microbes Infect 4:1291-300.
Hoerauf A, Adjei O, Buttner DW. (2002) Antibiotics for the treatment of onchocerciasis and other filarial infections. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Apr;3(4):533-7.
Evans MR, Phillips R, Etuaful SN, Amofah G, Adomako J, Adjei O, Dennis-Antwi J, Lucas SB, Wansbrough-Jones MH. (2003) An outreach education and treatment project in Ghana for the early stage of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97:159-60.
Hoerauf A, Mand S, Volkmann L, Buttner M, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Taylor M, Adjei O, Buttner DW. (2003) Doxycycline in the treatment of human onchocerciasis: Kinetics of Wolbachia endobacteria reduction and of inhibition of embryogenesis in female Onchocerca worms. Microbes Infect 5:261-73.
Siegmund V, Adjei O, Racz P, Berberich C, Klutse E, van Vloten F, Kruppa TF, Fleischer B, Bretzel G. (2005) A dry reagent based PCR as a novel tool for the laboratory confirmation of clinically diagnosed M. ulcerans disease in Ghana. J Clin Microbiol 43, 271-276.
van der Werf TS, Stienstra Y, Johnson RC, Phillips R, Adjei O, Fleischer B, Wansbrough-Jones MH, Johnson PDR, Portaels F, van der Graaf WTA, Asiedu K. Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) – a review. Bull WHO (in press)

UMCG

van der Werf TS, van der Graaf WT, Groothuis DG, Knell AJ. 1989. Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in Ashanti region, Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83:410-3.
van der Werf TS, van der Graaf WT. 1990. Buruli ulcer in West Africa. Lancet 336:1440.
van der Werf TS. 1994. Tuberculosis in Africa--any news? Trop Geogr Med 1994;46:271-4.
van der Werf TS, van der Graaf WT, Tappero JW, Asiedu K. (1999) Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. Lancet 354:1013-8.
Geerligs WA, van Altena R, de Lange WCM, van Soolingen D, van der Werf TS. (2000) Multidrug resistant tuberculosis: long-term treatment outcome in the Netherlands. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 4:758-64.
Stienstra Y, van der Graaf WTA,Teelken AM, Ellen DE, van der Werf TS. (2002) The African challenge. Lancet 359:1517-8.
Stienstra Y, van der Graaf WT, Asamoa K, van der Werf TS. (2002) Beliefs and attitudes toward Buruli ulcer in Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67:207-13.
van der Werf TS, Stinear T, Stienstra Y, van der Graaf WT, Small PL. (2003) Mycolactones and Mycobacterium ulcerans disease. Lancet 362:1062-4.
Teelken MA, Stienstra Y, Ellen DE, Quarshie E, Klutse E, van der Graaf WT, van der Werf TS. (2003) Buruli ulcer: differences in treatment outcome between two centres in Ghana. Acta Trop 88:51-6.
van der Werf TS, Stienstra Y, van der Graaf WT. (2003) Skin ulcers misdiagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum. N Engl J Med 348:1064-6.
Guarner J, Bartlett J, Whitney EA, Raghunathan PL, Stienstra Y, Asamoa K, Etuaful S, Klutse E, Quarshie E, van der Werf TS, van der Graaf WT, King CH, Ashford DA. (2003) Histopathologic features of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. Emerg Infect Dis 9:651-656.
Stienstra Y, van der Werf TS, Guarner J, Raghunathan PL, Spotts Whitney EA, van der Graaf WT, Asamoa K, Tappero JW, Ashford DA, King CH. (2003) Analysis of an IS2404-based nested PCR for diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease in regions of Ghana where the disease is endemic. J Clin Microbiol 41:794-7.
Ellen DE, Stienstra Y, Teelken MA, Dijkstra PU, van der Graaf WT, van der Werf TS. (2003) Assessment of functional limitations caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection: towards a Buruli ulcer functional limitation score. Trop Med Int Health 8:90-6.
Stienstra Y, Dijkstra PU, Guedenon A, Johnson RC, Ampadu EO, Mensah T, Klutse EY, Etuaful S, Deepak S, van der Graaf WT, van der Werf TS. (2004) Development of a questionnaire assessing Buruli ulcer-induced functional limitation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70:318-22.
Okenu DM, Ofielu LO, Easley KA, Guarner J, Spotts Whitney EA, Raghunathan PL, Stienstra Y, Asamoa K, van der Werf TS, van der Graaf WT, Tappero JW, Ashford DA, King CH. (2005) Immunoglobulin M antibody responses to Mycobacterium ulcerans allow discrimination between cases of active Buruli ulcer disease and matched family controls in areas where the disease is endemic. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11:387-91.
Westenbrink BD, Stienstra Y, Huitema MG, Thompson WA, Klutse EY, Ampadu EO, Boezen HM, Limburg PC, van der Werf TS. (2005) Cytokine responses in whole blood stimulation experiments in patients Buruli ulcer disease in Ghana. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 12:125-9.
Hospers IC, Wiersma IC, Dijkstra PU, Stienstra Y, Etuaful SN, Ampadu EO, van der Graaf WT, van der Werf TS. (2005). Distribution of Buruli ulcer lesions over body surface area in a large case series in Ghana: uncovering clues for mode of transmission. Trans.R.Soc.Trop.Med Hyg. 99:196-201.
Stienstra Y, Dijkstra PU, van Wezel MJ, van Roest MH, Beets M, Zijlstra IJ, Johnson RC, Ampadu EO, Gbovi J, Zinsou C, Etuaful S, Klutse EY, van der Graaf WT, van der Werf TS (2005). Reliability and validity of the Buruli ulcer Functional Limitations Score (BUFLS) Questionnaire. Am J Trop.Med Hyg. 72:449-52.
Stienstra Y, van der Werf TS, van der Graaf WT, Secor WE, Kihlstrom SL, Dobos KM, Asamoa K, Quarshi E, Etuaful SN, Klutse EY. (2004) Buruli ulcer and schistosomiasis: no association found.Am J Trop.Med Hyg. 71:318-21.
Raghunathan PL, Whitney EA, Asamoa S, Stienstra Y, Taylor Jr TH, Amofah GK, Ofori-Adjei D, Dobos K, Guarner J, Martin S, Pathak S, Klutse E, Etuaful S, van der Graaf WTA, van der Werf TS, King CH, Tappero JW, Ashford DA. (2005) Risk factors for Buruli ulcer disease (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection): Results from a Case–Control study in Ghana. Clin Infect Dis 40:1445-53.
van der Werf TS, Stienstra Y, Johnson RC, Phillips R, Adjei O, Fleischer B, Wansbrough-Jones MH, Johnson PDR, Portaels F, van der Graaf WTA, Asiedu K. Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) – a review. Bull WHO, in press

DITM

Dobner P, Bretzel G, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Feldmann K, Rifai M, Löscher T, Rinder H (1997) Geographic variation of the predictive values of genomic mutations associated with streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molec Cell Prob 11: 123-126
Rinder H, Dobner P, Feldmann K, Rifai M, Bretzel G, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Löscher T (1997) Disequilibria in the distribution of rpoB alleles im rifampicin resistant M. tuberculosis isolates from Germany and Sierra Leone. Microb Drug Resist 3: 195-197
Bretzel G, Aziz M, Wendl-Richter U, Adatu F, Aisu T, van Wijnen A, Sticht-Groh V. (1999) Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance in Uganda 1996-1997. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3:810-5.
Frothingham R, Strickland PL, Bretzel G, Ramaswamy S, Musser JM, Williams DL (1999) Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Mycobacterium africanum isolates from West Africa. J. Clin Microbiol 37: 1921-6
Aziz M, Bretzel G. (2002) Use of a standardised checklist to assess peripheral sputum smear microscopy laboratories for tuberculosis diagnosis in Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 6:340-9.
Kramme S, Bretzel G, Panning M, Kawuma J, Drosten C. (2003) Detection and quantification of Mycobacterium leprae in tissue samples by real-time PCR. Med Microbiol Immunol 2003 Jul 22 [Epub ahead of print]
Siegmund V, Adjei O, Racz P, Berberich C, Klutse E, van Vloten F, Kruppa TF, Fleischer B, Bretzel G. (2004) A dry reagent based PCR as a novel tool for the laboratory confirmation of clinically diagnosed M. ulcerans disease in Ghana. J Clin Microbiol 43:271-6.