A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- A - Abacavir AIDS, treatment, reverse transcriptase inhibitors Abrus precatorius medical problems caused by plants, ricin Absidia corymbifera medical mycology, deep mycoses Acacia catechu leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Acanthamoeba astronyxis protozoa, free-living amoebae Acanthamoeba castellani , (2) Acanthamoeba culbertsoni , (2) Acanthamoeba hatchetti , (2) Acanthamoeba polyphaga , (2) Acanthamoeba rhysodes , (2) Acanthamoeba sp. AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS Acanthaster planci ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Acanthocephalus rauschi other worm infections, Acanthocephala Acanthocheilonema viteae onchocerciasis, endosymbiont Acanthoscurria sp. spiders, species Acantophis sp. snakes, most important snakes Acheta assimilis helminthiasis, other nematodes Achillurbainia nouveli helminthiasis, other Trematodes Achillurbainia recondita , (2) Achras zapota leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis Aciclovir AIDS, treatment of Herpes simplex AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Aconitum sp medical problems caused by plants, introduction Acremonium coenophialum , (2) Actinobacillus muris tularaemia, differential diagnosis Actinodendron plumosum ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Adefovir dipivoxil AIDS, treatment, other medication Adenium boehmianum ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Aedes aegypti arbovirusses, dengue, transmission arbovirusus, dengue, prevention arbovirusus, yellow fever, historical note arbovirusus, yellow fever, recent developments arbovirusus, yellow fever, vectos and transmission , (2) Chagas' disease, prevention Aedes africanus arbovirusus, yellow fever, vectos and transmission Aedes albopictus arbovirusses, dengue, transmission arbovirusus, dengue, prevention arbovirusus, yellow fever, recent developments arbovirusus, yellow fever, vectos and transmission Aedes bromeliae , (2) Aedes dentatus arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Aedes furcifer arbovirusus, yellow fever, vectos and transmission Aedes juppi arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Aedes mcintoshi , (2) Aedes pseudoscutellaris arbovirusus, yellow fever, diagnosis Aedes sp. arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Aedes unidentatus , (2) Aedes vexans arboviruses, Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Aeromonas hydrophila ectoparasites, leeches and bacterial symbionts snakes, treatment, complications Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria ectoparasites, leeches and bacterial symbionts Afipia felis cat-scratch disease African trypanosomiasis clinical diagnosis exercises general history life cycle parasite prevention and control reservoir summary treatment vector Agamomermis hominis helminthiasis, other nematodes Agamomermis restiformis , (2) Agkistrodon acutus snakes, description, general Agkistrodon blomhoffii snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Agkistrodon contortrix snakes, snake venom snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Agkistrodon halys , (2) Agkistrodon piscivorus , (2) Aglaophenia cupressina ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria AIDS diagnosis of HIV-infection early clinical manifestations exercises introduction late clinical manifestations opportunistic infections, treatment pathogenesis prevention summary surveillance (epidemiological monitoring) transmission treatment Ainhum miscellaneous skin diseases Aipysurus laevis snakes, taxonomy, Hydrophiidae Akodon rodents, taxonomy Akodon azarae hantaviruses, transmission Alaria americana helminthiasis, other Trematodes Alaria marcianae , (2) Albendazole cestodes, cysticercosis, treatment giardiasis, treatment intestinal nematodes, Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment intestinal nematodes, Capillaria philippinensis intestinal nematodes, Enterobius vermicularis, treatment intestinal nematodes, hookworms, treatment intestinal nematodes, Trichuris trichiura, treatment loiasis, treatment lymphatic filariasis, treatment protozoa, Microspora, treatment tissue nematodes, Trichinella spiralis, treatment Alcanna tinctoria leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Alexandrium (Gonyaulax) tamarense ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning Alexandrium catenella , (2) Alexandrium minutum , (2) Allopurinol Chagas' disease, treatment cutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Alouatta sp. arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Alouattamyia baeri ectoparasites, myiasis Alternaria sp. medical mycology, deep mycoses Amanita muscaria medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Amanita phalloides medical mycology, general introduction mycotoxins , (2) Amblyomma americanum ectoparasites, ticks Ehrlichia infections tularaemia, prevention and transmission Amblyomma cajennense rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Amblyomma hebraeum ectoparasites, ticks Amblyomma variegatum , (2) rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Aminosidine visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Aminosidine sulphate cutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment Amiodarone Chagas' disease, treatment Amitriptyline AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Ammi majus medical problems caused by plants, phytophotodermatitis Amocarzine lymphatic filariasis, treatment onchocerciasis, treatment Amodiaquine malaria, treatment Amodiaquine hydrochloride , (2) Amoebiasis amoebiasis of other organs exercises general hepatic amoebiasis intestinal amoebiasis life cycle and transmission prevention summary Amoxycillin lyme disease, treatment typhoid fever, treatment venereal syphilis, current treatment Amphidinium sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Amphotericin B AIDS, treatment of blastomycosis AIDS, treatment of cryptococcosis mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment protozoa, free-living amoebae, treatment visceral leishmaniasis, treatment aspergillosis, therapy cryptococcosis, therapy deep candidosis, therapy medical mycology, chromomycosis, therapy Ampicillin leptospirosis, treatment listeriosis, treatment typhoid fever, treatment Amprenavir AIDS, treatment, protease inhibitors Anabaena variabilis cholera, reservoir Anaplasma phagocytophila Ehrlichia infections Anatrichosoma cutaneum helminthiasis, other nematodes Ancylostoma caninum intestinal nematodes, hookworms Ancylostoma ceylanicum , (2) Ancylostoma duodenale , (2) Ancylostoma japonica , (2) Ancylostoma malayanum , (2) Ancylostoma tubaeforme , (2) Androctonus australis scorpions, distribution scorpions, taxonomy Androctonus crassicauda scorpions, distribution Anemonia sulcata ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Angiostrongylus cantonensis Post-travel, meningitis - encephalitis Angiostrongylus costaricensis intestinal nematodes intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Angiostrongylus sp. helminthiasis, other nematodes Anisakis physeteris , (2) Anisakis simplex , (2) intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Anopheles arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Anopheles aconitus malaria, important vectors , (2) Anopheles albimanus , (2) Anopheles albitarsis , (2) Anopheles annularis , (2) Anopheles anthropophagus , (2) Anopheles aquasalis , (2) Anopheles arabiensis malaria, Anopheles gambiae complex malaria, important vectors Anopheles argyritarsis , (2) Anopheles atroparvus malaria, geographical distribution malaria, important vectors , (2) malaria, vector , (2) Anopheles aztecus malaria, important vectors Anopheles balabacensis , (2) Anopheles bellator , (2) Anopheles braziliensis , (2) Anopheles bwambae malaria, Anopheles gambiae complex Anopheles campestris malaria, important vectors Anopheles claviger , (2) Anopheles cruzii , (2) Anopheles culicifacies , (2) malaria, vector Anopheles darlingi malaria, important vectors , (2) Anopheles dirus , (2) Anopheles donaldi , (2) Anopheles farauti type 1 , (2) Anopheles farauti type 2 , (2) Anopheles flavirostris , (2) Anopheles fluviatilis , (2) Anopheles freeborni , (2) malaria, vector Anopheles funestus lymphatic filariasis, transmission malaria, important vectors Anopheles gambiae lymphatic filariasis, transmission malaria, Anopheles gambiae complex malaria, important vectors malaria, vector Anopheles hilli malaria, important vectors Anopheles hispaniola , (2) Anopheles jeyporiensis , (2) Anopheles karwari , (2) Anopheles koliensis , (2) Anopheles labranchiae , (2) Anopheles letifer , (2) Anopheles leucosphyrus , (2) Anopheles ludlowae , (2) Anopheles maculatus , (2) Anopheles mangyanu , (2) Anopheles melas malaria, Anopheles gambiae complex malaria, important vectors Anopheles merus malaria, Anopheles gambiae complex malaria, important vectors Anopheles messeae malaria, geographical distribution malaria, important vectors , (2) Anopheles minimus , (2) Anopheles moucheti , (2) Anopheles multicolor , (2) Anopheles neivai , (2) Anopheles nigerrimus , (2) Anopheles nili , (2) Anopheles nuneztovari , (2) Anopheles pattoni , (2) Anopheles pharoensis , (2) Anopheles philippinensis , (2) Anopheles plumbeus malaria, geographical distribution Anopheles pseudopunctipennis malaria, important vectors , (2) Anopheles pulcherrimus , (2) Anopheles punctimacula , (2) Anopheles punctulatus , (2) Anopheles quadriannulatus malaria, Anopheles gambiae complex Anopheles quadrimaculatus malaria, important vectors Anopheles sacharovi , (2) Anopheles sergentii , (2) Anopheles sinensis malaria, epidemiological classification malaria, important vectors , (2) Anopheles stephensi , (2) Anopheles subpictus , (2) Anopheles sundaicus , (2) Anopheles superpictus , (2) Anopheles tessellatus , (2) Anopheles triannulatus , (2) Anopheles varuna , (2) Anopheles whartoni , (2) Ansamycin leprosy, therapy Anthoxanthum odoratum rodents, rodent control Anthrax bioterrorism cutaneous anthrax gastrointestinal anthrax general meningeal anthrax pulmonary anthrax summary treatment and prevention Anthrenus verbasci ectoparasites, beetles, carpet dermatitis Antonia ovata leishmaniasis, vector Apochelius arbovirusus, dengue, prevention Apodemus rodents, genera rodents, taxonomy Apodemus agrarius hantaviruses, transmission Apodemus flavicollis , (2) Apophallus donicus helminthiasis, other Trematodes Arboviral infections overview Kyasanur Forest disease Arboviruses Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever dengue Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis exercises general Japanese Encephalitis Nipah virus Rift Valley Fever summary West Nile Fever yellow fever Areca catechu medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Arenaviruses general Lassa fever lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus New World arenaviruses summary Argas reflexus ectoparasites, ticks Argas vespertilionis , (2) Argemone mexicana medical problems caused by plants, epidemic dropsy Argiope aurantia spiders, species Armillifer armillatus other worm infections, Pentastomida snakes, infections transferred via snakes Armillifer grandis other worm infections, Pentastomida Armillifer moniliformis , (2) snakes, infections transferred via snakes Arothon nigropunctatus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Arsenicism applications arsenic in drinking water arsenic poisoning clinical diagnosis general geochemistry normal exposure to arsenic note, Water prevention soil remediation treatment Arteether malaria, treatment Artekin , (2) Artemether , (2) Artemisinin derivatives , (2) Artesunate , (2) Artyfechinostomum malayanum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Artyfechinostomum mehrai , (2) Arvicanthis sp. plague, transmission and epidemiology Arvicola rodents, taxonomy Arvicola terrestris rodents, genera Ascaris lumbricoides intestinal nematodes, Ascaris lumbricoides Ascaris suum , (2) Ascophyllum nodosum cholera, reservoir Aspergillus flavus medical mycology, deep mycoses medical mycology, general introduction mycotoxins, aflatoxins Aspergillus fumigatus medical mycology, deep mycoses , (2) Aspergillus parasiticus mycotoxins, aflatoxins Aspergillus sp. AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS Astropecten scoparius ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Astrotia stokesii snakes, taxonomy, Hydrophiidae , (2) Atazanavir AIDS, treatment, protease inhibitors Atebrine malaria, treatment Ateles sp. arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Atelopus sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Atergatis floridus , (2) Atovaquone malaria, treatment protozoa, Babesiosis, treatment Atractaspis engaddensis snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Atractaspis sp. , (2) Atrax formidabilis spiders, species Atrax robustus spiders, general spiders, species Atropa belladonna medical problems caused by plants, introduction Atropa belladonna medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Auchmeromyia senegalensis ectoparasites, myiasis Aurelia aurita ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Aureobasidium pullulans medical mycology, deep mycoses Austrelaps superbus snakes, treatment, antivenom Austrobilharzia terrigalensis schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Avicularia sp. spiders, species Azadirachta indica malaria, prevention oak processionary caterpillar, control Azithromycin cat-scratch disease, treatment malaria, treatment protozoa, Babesiosis, treatment protozoa, cryptosporidiosis, treatment trachoma, treatment - B - Babesia bigemina protozoa, Babesiosis Babesia bovis , (2) Babesia divergens ectoparasites, ticks protozoa, Babesiosis Babesia gibsoni ectoparasites, ticks Babesia microti , (2) protozoa, Babesiosis Bacille de Calmette-Guérin tuberculosis, prevention Bacillus anthracis anthrax, general Pox diseases, biological weapons and Rebirth Island tularaemia, differential diagnosis Bacillus cereus antrax, cutaneous anthrax, diagnosis diarrhoea in the tropics, aetiology , (2) , (2) Bacillus pseudomallei melioidosis, general Bacillus sphaericus lymphatic filariasis, vector control Bacillus subtilis antrax, cutaneous anthrax, diagnosis Bacillus thurigiensis var. kurstaki oak processionary caterpillar, control Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 arbovirusus, dengue, prevention Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis onchocerciasis, prevention Baclofen HTLV-1, treatment lathyrism, treatment Badumna insignis spiders, species Balamuthia mandrillaris protozoa, free-living amoebae Balantidium coli amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, differential diagnosis protozoa, Balantidium coli Bandicota indica hantaviruses, transmission Banisteriopsis caapi medical problems caused by plants, introduction , (2) Bartonella bacilliformis carrión's disease, summary verruga peruviana, introduction Bartonella clarridgeiae bartonellosis, other infections carrión's disease, summary Bartonella elizabethae bartonellosis, other infections carrión's disease, summary Bartonella henselae , (2) cat-scratch disease rat bite fever, Haverhill fever, differential diagnosis tularaemia, differential diagnosis Bartonella quintana Bartonella quintana, general carrión's disease, summary ectoparasites, lice louse-borne borreliosis Bartonella vinsonii carrión's disease, summary Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii bartonellosis, other infections Bartonella vinsonii vinsonii , (2) Bartonellosis Bartonella quintana Carrión's disease cat-scratch disease exercises other infections verruga peruviana Baylascaris procyonis Post-travel, meningitis - encephalitis Baylascaris transfuga , (2) Baylisascaris procyonis helminthiasis, other nematodes BCG tuberculosis, prevention Benzathine penicillin framboesia tropica, treatment venereal syphilis, current treatment Benznidazole Chagas' disease, treatment Benzopyrones lymphatic filariasis, treatment Benzyl penicillin venereal syphilis, current treatment Bertiella mucronata helminthiasis, other Cestodes Bertiella studeri , (2) Bilharziella polonica schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Biomphalaria sp. schistosomiasis, vector schistosomiasis, mollusca, taxonomy Bipalium fuscatum other worm infections, Turbellaria Bipalium kewense , (2) Bipalium venosum , (2) Bipolaris hawaiiensis medical mycology, deep mycoses Bithionol Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, treatment Bitis arietans snakes, most important snakes snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae Bitis arietans somalica , (2) Bitis gabonica rhinoceros , (2) Bitis nasicornis , (2) Bixa orellana leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Blastomyces dermatitidis AIDS, treatment of blastomycosis botryomycosis, differential diagnosis medical mycology, deep mycoses Blastomyces loboi medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses Blighia sapida medical problems caused by plants, ackee poisoning Bolbosoma sp other worm infections, Acanthocephala Bolomys obscurus hantaviruses, transmission Boophilus decoloratus ectoparasites, ticks Boophilus microplus protozoa, Babesiosis, transmission Borrelia afzelii lyme disease, general points , (2) Borrelia burgdorferi ectoparasites, ticks lyme disease, general points relapsing fever, general points Borrelia duttoni ectoparasites, ticks relapsing fever, endemic relapsing fever relapsing fever, general points Borrelia garinii lyme disease, general points , (2) Borrelia hermsii relapsing fever, endemic relapsing fever Borrelia hispanica , (2) Borrelia japonica lyme disease, general points Borrelia lusitaniae , (2) Borrelia parkeri relapsing fever, endemic relapsing fever Borrelia recurrentis ectoparasites, lice louse-borne borreliosis relapsing fever, general points Borrelia turicata relapsing fever, endemic relapsing fever Borrelia valainiana lyme disease, general points Borrelia vincenti Borrelia vincenti miscellaneous skin diseases, tropical ulcer Borreliosis Borrelia vincenti Lyme disease relapsing fever Bothriechis sp. snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Bothrops asper , (2) Bothrops atrox snakes, most important snakes snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Bothrops atrox moojeni snakes, snake venom Bothrops jararaca snakes, most important snakes snakes, snake venom Botryomycosis clinical aspects diagnosis differential diagnosis general treatment Bougainvillea glabra leishmaniasis, vector Brachiola vesicularum protozoa, Microspora Brachypelma sp. spiders, species Branhamella AIDS, late clinical manifestations, fever Brassica nigra medical problems caused by plants, epidemic dropsy Brevibacterium epidermidis malaria, vector Brevibacterium linens , (2) Brivudin AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Brucella rabies, differential diagnosis Brucella abortus brucellosis, general Brucella melitensis , (2) Brucella pinnipediae , (2) Brucella suis , (2) Brucellosis clinical features diagnosis general historical prevention transmission treatment Brugia beaveri dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases Brugia guyanensis , (2) Brugia malayi lymphatic filariasis, general Brugia pahangi dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases onchocerciasis, endosymbiont Brugia timori lymphatic filariasis, general Bulinus sp. schistosomiasis, general Bullastra cumingiana helminthiasis, other Trematodes Bungarus caeruleus snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae Bungarus candidus , (2) Bungarus fasciatus , (2) Bungarus multicinctus , (2) Bunostomum phlebotomum intestinal nematodes, hookworms Burkholderia mallei melioidosis, general Burkholderia pseudomallei , (2) Buruli ulcer aetiology clinical features diagnosis differential diagnosis history and geographical distribution pathology prevention prognosis summary treatment Buthotus tamulus scorpions, distribution scorpions, taxonomy Buthus occitanus , (2) Buthus tamulus , (2) - C - Caesalpinia echinata leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Caesalpinia sappan , (2) Cajanus cajan medical problems caused by plants, lathyrism Calamelaps sp. snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Calanolide A AIDS, treatment, other medication Calcitonin HTLV-1, treatment Calliphora qp. ectoparasites, myiasis Calliphora vivina myiasis, metallic flies Calliphora vomitoria , (2) Callithrix sp. Chagas' disease, introduction arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Callitroga hominivorax myiasis, screw worms Post-travel, meningitis - encephalitis Calloselasma rhodostoma snakes, snake venom snakes, most important snakes snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Calodium hepaticum helminthiasis, other nematodes Calomys rodents, taxonomy Calomys callosus New World arenaviruses, transmission Calomys laucha hantaviruses, transmission Calomys musculinus New World arenaviruses, transmission rodents, rodent reservoir studies Calosoma sycophanta oak processionary caterpillar, control Calymmatobacterium granulomatis tuberculosis, clinical aspects, lymph nodes, differential diagnosis Calyptera sp. ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Campylobacter diarrhoea in the tropics, aetiology Campylobacter jejuni , (2) Candida albicans AIDS, opportunistic infection, treatment of candidiasis medical mycology, deep mycoses medical mycology, general introduction medical mycology, supericial mycoses Candida glabrata medical mycology, deep mycoses medical mycology, supericial mycoses Candida guilliermondii medical mycology, deep mycoses , (2) medical mycology, supericial mycoses Candida kefyr medical mycology, deep mycoses Candida krusei AIDS, opportunistic infections medical mycology, deep mycoses medical mycology, supericial mycoses Candida lusitaniae medical mycology, deep mycoses Candida parapsilosis , (2) medical mycology, supericial mycoses Candida sp. AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS Candida tropicalis medical mycology, deep mycoses medical mycology, supericial mycoses Candida zeylanoides medical mycology, deep mycoses Canis latrans Ehrlichia infections helminthiasis, other nematodes Cantharanthus roseus medical problems caused by plants, introduction Capillaria hepatica helminthiasis, other nematodes intestinal nematodes, Capillaria philippinensis Capillaria philippinensis , (2) Capnocytophaga canimorsus cat-scratch disease rat bite fever, Haverhill fever, differential diagnosis tularaemia, differential diagnosis Capparis spinosa leishmaniasis, vector Capravirine AIDS, treatment, other medication Capreomycin tuberculosis, treatment Carbamazepine AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster cestodes, cysticercosis, treatment Carcelia iliaca oak processionary caterpillar, control Carcinoscorpius rotundicaudata ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Carneophallus brevicaeca helminthiasis, other Trematodes Carthamus tinctorius leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Carybdea rastoni ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Caspofungin AIDS, treatment of candidiasis Castilloa elastica medical problems caused by plants, rubber Castor canadensis medical problems caused by plants, ricin Catastomus commersoni trematodes, liver flukes Cathaemasia cabrerai helminthiasis, other Trematodes Causus maculatus snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae Causus rhombeatus , (2) Cebus sp. arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Cefotaxime lyme disease, treatment Ceftazidime melioidosis, treatment Ceftriaxone Haverhill fever, treatment lyme disease, treatment melioidosis, treatment typhoid fever, treatment venereal syphilis, current treatment Cefuroxime axetil lyme disease, treatment Centrocestus armatus helminthiasis, other Trematodes Centrocestus caninus , (2) Centrocestus cuspidatus , (2) Centrocestus formosanus , (2) Centrocestus kurokawai , (2) Centrocestus longus , (2) Centruroides exilicauda scorpions, taxonomy Centruroides sculpturatus , (2) Centruroides suffusus scorpions, distribution scorpions, taxonomy , (2) Cephaelis acuminata amoebiasis, hepatic amoebiasis, treatment Cephaelis ipecacuanha , (2) Cerastes cerastes snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae Cerastes vipera , (2) Cercocebus torquatus AIDS, origin and subtypes Cercopithecus aethiops filoviruses, Marburg virus Pox diseases, tanapox Cercopithecus sp. arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Cercopithecus talapoin dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases Cestodes helminthiasis Cestrum sp. arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, differential diagnosis Chaetoceros convolutus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction , (2) Chagas' disease clinical course diagnosis differential diagnosis distribution exercises introduction parasite prevention prognosis reservoir summary transmission treatment vectors Chatonella antiqua ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Cheilobus quadrilabiatus helminthiasis, other nematodes Cheilospirura sp. , (2) Chelonodon sp ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Cheyletiella blakei ectoparasites, mites Cheyletiella furmani , (2) Cheyletiella parasitovorax , (2) Cheyletiella yasguri , (2) Chilomastix mesnilii giardiasis, differential diagnosis Chiracanthium inclusum spiders, species Chiracanthium lawrencei , (2) Chiracanthium mildei , (2) Chironex fleckeri ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Chiropsalmus quadrigatus , (2) Chlamydia pneumoniae trachoma tularaemia, differential diagnosis Chlamydia psittaci trachoma tularaemia, differential diagnosis Chlamydia trachomatis lymphatic filariasis, differential diagnosis lymphoedema trachoma, general tuberculosis, clinical aspects, lymph nodes, differential diagnosis Chlamydiae pneumoniae Q fever, clinical features Chloramphenicol plague, therapy rickettsiosis, treatment typhoid fever, treatment verruga peruviana, treatment Chloroflora tinctoria leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Chloroquine malaria, treatment Chloroquine diphosphate , (2) Chloroquine sulphate , (2) Chlorproguanil , (2) Chlorpromazine tetanus, treatment Cholera clinical aspects diagnosis epidemiology exercises general physiopathology prevention reservoir summary toxins transmission treatment Chondrodendron tomentosum medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins CHOP HTLV-1, treatment Chrysanthemum cineriaefolium medical problems caused by plants, allergy Chrysanthemum coccineum malaria, prevention Chrysaora hyoscella ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Chrysochromulina polylepis ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Chrysomyia bezziana ectoparasites, myiasis , (2) myiasis, screw worms Chrysomyia megalocephala , (2) Chrysops sp. loiasis myiasis, tabanids Cicer arietinum medical problems caused by plants, lathyrism Cidofovir AIDS, treatment of Cytomegalovirus Cilastatin melioidosis, treatment Cimex hemipterus ectoparasites, bed bugs Cimex lectularius , (2) Cinchona calisaya malaria, treatment Cinchona ledgeriana , (2) medical problems caused by plants, introduction Cinchona officinalis malaria, treatment Cinchona pubescens , (2) Cinchona succirubra , (2) Ciprofloxacin anthrax, treatment and prevention protozoa, isosporosis, treatment rickettsiosis, treatment verruga peruviana, treatment Citrus medica var acidum vitamin deficiencies, scurvy, historical note Citrus medica var limonum , (2) Cladophialophora bantianum medical mycology, deep mycoses Cladophialophora carrionii medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses Cladophialophora sp. medical mycology, deep mycoses Clarithromycin cat-scratch disease, treatment leprosy, therapy miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum, treatment tuberculosis, treatment Claviceps paspali mycotoxins, ergotism Claviceps purpurea , (2) Clethrionomys rodents, genera rodents, taxonomy Clethrionomys glareolus hantaviruses, transmission Clinafloxacin leprosy, therapy Clindamycin AIDS, treatment of Toxoplasma gondii anthrax, treatment and prevention malaria, treatment protozoa, Babesiosis, treatment Clitocybe medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Clitocybe sp. mycotoxins Clofazimine leprosy, therapy Clonorchis sinensis helminthiasis, other Trematodes trematodes, liver flukes Clostridium botulinum poliomyelitis, differential diagnosis rabies, differential diagnosis Clostridium difficile amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, differential diagnosis diarrhoea in the tropics, aetiology Clostridium perfringens , (2) Clostridium tetani tetanus, general Co-artemether malaria, treatment Coccidioides immitis botryomycosis, differential diagnosis medical mycology, deep mycoses Cochlearia officinalis vitamin deficiencies, scurvy Cochliomyia hominivorax ectoparasites, myiasis Cochliomyia macellaria myiasis, screw worms Cochlodinium catenatum ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning Colchicine Familial Mediterranean fever, treatment Colchicum autumnale medical problems caused by plants, introduction Colobus sp arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Compsobuthus acuticarinatus scorpions, taxonomy Conidiobolus coronatus subcutaneous mycosis, Rhino-entomophthoromycosis Conium maculatum medical problems caused by plants, introduction Contracaecum osculatum helminthiasis, other nematodes Contracaecum sp. intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Coquilletidia perturbans arboviruses, Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis , (2) Coquillettidiae arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Cordyceps subsessilis leprosy, clinical aspects, specific problems Cordylobia rodhaini ectoparasites, myiasis Coronella austriaca snakes, description, general Cortinarius sp mycotoxins Corynebacterium diphtheriae. poliomyelitis, differential diagnosis Corynosoma strumosum other worm infections, Acanthocephala cotrimoxazole brucellosis, treatment listeriosis, treatment malaria, treatment melioidosis, treatment miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum, treatment protozoa, isosporosis, treatment Q fever, treatment Couma utilis medical problems caused by plants, rubber Coviracil AIDS, treatment, other medication Coxiella burnetii Q fever, organism rabies, differential diagnosis tularaemia, differential diagnosis Crassostrea gigas helminthiasis, other Trematodes Cricetus rodents, taxonomy Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever diagnosis prevention symptoms transmission treatment Crocus sativa leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Crotalaria retusa medical problems caused by plants, veno-occlusive disease Crotalaria sp. arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, differential diagnosis Crotalus atrox snakes, most important snakes Crotalus cerastes snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes, most important snakes snakes, snake venom Cryptococcus neoformans AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS AIDS, treatment of cryptococcosis botryomycosis, differential diagnosis medical mycology, deep mycoses Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii , (2) Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans AIDS, late clinical manifestations, neurological medical mycology, deep mycoses Cryptocotyle lingua helminthiasis, other Trematodes Cryptomeria japonica medical problems caused by plants, allergy Cryptosporidium felis protozoa, cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium meleagridis , (2) Cryptosporidium muris , (2) Cryptosporidium parvum , (2) Ctenocephalides felis rickettsiosis, transmission, via fleas Ctenochaetus striatus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Ctenodactylus gondii AIDS, late clinical manifestations Culex arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Culex fatigans malaria, historical note Culex pipiens arbovirusus, West Nile Fever, transmission lymphatic filariasis, transmission Culex quinquefasciatus , (2) Culex tritaeniorhynchus arbovirusus, Japanese Encephalitis, transmission and reservoir Culex univittatus arbovirusus, West Nile Fever, transmission Culicoides grahamii Mansonella perstans, vector Culicoides milnei , (2) Culiseta melanura arboviruses, Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis , (2) Cupania sapida medical problems caused by plants, ackee poisoning Curcuma longa leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Cyanea capillata ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Cyanea lamarcki , (2) Cycas celebica Lytico-bodig Cycas circinalis , (2) Cycas micronesica , (2) Cyclodontostomum purvisi intestinal nematodes, hookworms Cycloguanil malaria, treatment Cyclops sp. dracunculiasis, cycle Cycloserine tuberculosis, treatment Cyclospora cayetanensis: protozoa, Cyclospora cayetensis Cyclosporin A: intestinal nematodes Strongyloides stercoralis, treatment Cymelarsene african trypanosomiasis, treatment, medications seldom used Cynolebias sp. malaria, prevention, biological control Cynomolgus sp. poliomyelitis, pathophysiology Cytochrome 450 AIDS, treatment - D - D0870 Chagas' disease, treatment Daboia russelli snakes, most important snakes snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae Daboia russelli formosensis , (2) Daboia russelli limitis , (2) Daboia russelli pulchella , (2) Daboia russelli russelli , (2) Dactylopius coccus leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Danazole HTLV-1, treatment Dantrolene , (2) tetanus, treatment Dapsone AIDS, opportunistic infections, treatment of Pneumocystis carinii leprosy, therapy medical mycology, mycetoma, therapy , (2) Dasypus novemcinctus leprosy, cultivation Datura stramonium medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins DEC loiasis, treatment Mansonella streptocerca, treatment Deferoxamine Beta thalassaemia, therapy Dehydroemetine amoebiasis, hepatic amoebiasis, treatment Delavirdine AIDS, treatment, other medication Demodex brevis ectoparasites, mites Demodex folliculorum , (2) Dendroaspis angusticeps snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae Dendroaspis jamesoni , (2) Dendroaspis polylepis , (2) Dendroaspis viridis , (2) Dengue clinical course diagnosis epidemiology prevention reservoir summary transmission treatment vectors Dermacentor andersoni ectoparasites, ticks rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks tularaemia, prevention and transmission Dermacentor marginatus rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks , (2) Dermacentor occidentalis tularaemia, prevention and transmission Dermacentor sp rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Dermacentor variabilis ectoparasites, ticks rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks tularaemia, prevention and transmission Dermanyssus gallinae ectoparasites, mites Dermanyssus hirundinis , (2) Dermatobia hominis ectoparasites, myiasis , (2) Dermatophagoides farinae ectoparasites, mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , (2) Dermatophilus congolensis ectoparasites, ticks Derris amazonica leishmaniasis, vector Desipramine AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Desirudin ectoparasites, leeches, medical applications Desmodus rotundus rabies, transmission Dexamethasone typhoid fever, treatment DFMO african trypanosomiasis, treatment Di-fluoro-methyl-ornithine , (2) Diaemus youngi rabies, transmission Diaminopurine-dioxalane AIDS, treatment, other medication Diamphidea locusta, ectoparasites beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Diamphidea nigroornata ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Diamphidea simplex, ectoparasites beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Diarrhoea in the tropics aetiology assessment of a patient with diarrhoea exercises general prevention summary treatment Diazepam tetanus, treatment Diclofenac Familial Mediterranean fever, treatment Dicrocoelium dendriticum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Dicrocoelium hospes , (2) Didanosine AIDS, treatment, reverse transcriptase inhibitors Dientamoeba fragilis intestinal nematodes, Enterobius vermicularis, cycle protozoa, non-E. histolytica intestinal amoebae Diethylcarbamazine lymphatic filariasis, treatment Digitalis lanata medical problems caused by plants, introduction medical problems caused by plants, poison - cardiac glycosides Digitalis purpurea , (2) Diloxanide furoate amoebiasis, hepatic amoebiasis, treatment amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, treatment Diminazene african trypanosomiasis, treatment, medications seldom used Dinobdella ferox ectoparasites, leeches Dinophysis acuta ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning Dinophysis fortii , (2) Dinophysis norvegica , (2) Dioctophyma renale helminthiasis, other nematodes Diorchitrema amplicaecale helminthiasis, other Trematodes Diorchitrema formosanim , (2) Diorchitrema pseudocirratum , (2) Dioscorea composita medical problems caused by plants, introduction Dioscorea floribunda , (2) Dipetalogaster maxima Chagas' disease, clinical course Dipetalonema perstans Mansonella perstans, vector Dipetalonema streptocerca Mansonella streptocerca, general Diphylla ecaudata rabies, transmission Diphyllobothrium sp. helminthiasis, other cestodes Diplogonoporus balaenopterae , (2) Diplogonoporus brauni , (2) Diplogonoporus fukuokaensis , (2) Diploscapter coronata helminthiasis, other nematodes Diplostomum spathaceum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Dipylidium caninum arboviruses, general helminthiasis, other Cestodes Dirofilaria immitis dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases lymphatic filariasis, endosymbiont onchocerciasis, endosymbiont Dirofilaria repens dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases Dirofilaria striata , (2) Dirofilaria subdermata , (2) Dirofilaria tenuis , (2) Dirofilaria ursi , (2) Dispholidus typhus snakes, taxonomy, Colubridae Dotidella ulei medical problems caused by plants, rubber doxycycline anthrax, treatment and prevention Bartonella quintana, treatment brucellosis, treatment cholera, treatment framboesia tropica, treatment leptospirosis, treatment miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum, treatment Q fever, treatment relapsing fever, treatment rickettsiosis, treatment trachoma, treatment tularaemia, treatment venereal syphilis, current treatment melioidosis, treatment Dracunculus medinensis dracunculiasis, general Drepanidotaenia lanceolata helminthiasis, other Cestodes Drosophila melanogaster lymphatic filariasis, endosymbiont - E - Eberth bacillus typhoid fever, general Ebola virus clinical symptoms diagnosis general transmission treatment what to do in the event of an Ebola outbreak? Echiichthys vipera ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Echinocandine AIDS, treatment of blastomycosis AIDS, treatment of candidiasis Echinochasmus angustitestis helminthiasis, other Trematodes Echinochasmus cinetorchis , (2) Echinochasmus fujianensis , (2) Echinochasmus japonicus , (2) Echinochasmus jiufoensis , (2) Echinochasmus liliputanus , (2) Echinochasmus perfoliatus , (2) Echinococcus granulosus cestodes, echinococcosis or hydatid cysts Echinococcus multilocularis cestodes, echinococcosis Echinococcus oligarthrus , (2) Echinococcus vogeli , (2) Echinoparyphium recurvatum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Echinostoma cinetorchis , (2) Echinostoma echinatum , (2) Echinostoma hortense , (2) Echinostoma malayanum , (2) Echis carinatus snakes, most important snakes , (2) snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae , (2) Echis coloratus , (2) Echis leucogaster , (2) Echis multisquamatus , (2) Echis ocellatus snakes, most important snakes snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae Echis pyramidum , (2) Ectoparasites bed bugs beetles and blister beetle dermatitis erucism and lepidopterism fleas leeches lice , (2) mites myiasis ticks Edwardsia leidyi ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Efavirenz AIDS, treatment, non-nucleoside RT-inhibitors Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia infections Ehrlichia chaffeensis ectoparasites, ticks Ehrlichia infections Ehrlichia equi , (2) Ehrlichia ewingii , (2) , (3) Ehrlichia ristici , (2) Ehrlichia sennetsu , (2) Eichhornia crassipes helminthiasis, other Trematodes Eichhornia sp. lymphatic filariasis, vector control Eikenella corrodens rat bite fever, Haverhill fever, differential diagnosis Elaphe sp. snakes, taxonomy, Colubridae Eliocharis tuberosa helminthiasis, other Trematodes Emetine amoebiasis, hepatic amoebiasis, treatment Emivirine AIDS, treatment, other medication Encephalitozoon cuniculi protozoa, Microspora , (2) Encephalitozoon hellem , (2) Encephalitozoon intestinalis , (2) Endemic pemphigus foliaceus clinical clinical variants of pemphigus diagnosis differential diagnosis general treatment Endolimax nana amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, diagnosis amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, differential diagnosis protozoa, non-E. histolytica intestinal amoebae Enfuvirtide AIDS, treatment, fusion inhibitors Engraulis encrasicholus helminthiasis, other nematodes Enhydrina schistosa snakes, taxonomy, Hydrophiidae , (2) Enhydrina sp. snakes, most important snakes Entamoeba chattoni amoebiasis, general Entamoeba coli amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, diagnosis amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, differential diagnosis protozoa, non-E. histolytica intestinal amoebae Entamoeba dispar , (2) Entamoeba gingivalis , (2) Entamoeba hartmanni amoebiasis, general amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, differential diagnosis protozoa, non-E. histolytica intestinal amoebae Entamoeba histolytica amoebiasis, general amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, diagnosis Entamoeba moshkovskii amoebiasis, general Entamoeba polecki , (2) Entecavir AIDS, treatment, other medication Enterobius gregorii intestinal nematodes, Enterobius vermicularis, cycle Enterobius vermicularis intestinal nematodes, Enterobius vermicularis Enterocytozoon bieneusi protozoa, Microspora Enteromonas hominis giardiasis, differential diagnosis Eocoleus aerophilus helminthiasis, other nematodes Ephedra sinensis snakes, treatment, snakebite during pregnancy Epicauta conferta ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Epicauta occidentalis , (2) Epicauta paradalis , (2) Epicauta pennsylvanica , (2) Epicauta temexa , (2) Epicauta vittata , (2) Epidermophyton floccosum medical mycology, supericial mycoses Episthmium caninum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Eptesicus fuscus arbovirusus, West Nile Fever, reservoir Eptesicus serotinus rabies, transmission Eratmopodites arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Eriphia sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum Erythromycin Bartonella quintana, treatment Haverhill fever, treatment listeriosis, treatment relapsing fever, treatment trachoma, treatment Escherichia coli diarrhoea in the tropics, aetiology Etaquine malaria, treatment Ethambutol miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum, treatment tuberculosis, treatment Ethionamide leprosy, therapy tuberculosis, treatment Euphausia superba ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Euproctis chrysorrhea, ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Euroglyphus maynei ectoparasites, mites Eurytrema pancreaticum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Eustrongylides sp. helminthiasis, other nematodes Evarcha sp. malaria, prevention, biological control Exophialia jeanselmei medical mycology, deep mycoses - F - Falcipain malaria, treatment Falciparum falciparum malaria, drug resistance malaria, physiopathology Famciclovir AIDS, treatment of Herpes simplex AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Familial Mediterranean fever clinical aspects diagnosis differential diagnosis general occurrence in the population summary the gene the protein treatment Fannia sp. ectoparasites, myiasis Fasciola hepatica trematodes, liver flukes Toxocara canis Fasciola indica trematodes, liver flukes Fasciolopsis buski helminthiasis, other Trematodes Festuca arundinacea medical problems caused by plants, introduction mycotoxins, ergotism Fibricola sp. helminthiasis, other Trematodes Fibrocapsa japonica ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Ficus elasticus medical problems caused by plants, rubber Filariasis dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases dracunculiasis exercises general loiasis lymphatic filariasis Mansonella ozzardi Mansonella perstans Mansonella streptocerca onchocerciasis overview of characteristics of microfilariae summary Filoviruses Ebola virus general Marburg virus Flubendazole intestinal nematodes, Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment Fluconazole AIDS, treatment of candidiasis AIDS, treatment of cryptococcosis cryptococcosis, therapy deep candidosis, therapy medical mycology, chromomycosis, therapy medical mycology, onychomycosis, therapy medical mycology, superficial candidosis, therapy medical mycology, Tinea, therapy Fluconazole 200 cutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment Flucytosine AIDS, treatment of cryptococcosis Flumazenil tetanus, treatment Fluorocytidine AIDS, treatment, other medication Fluoroquinolones tularaemia, treatment Fonsecaea pedrosoi medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses foscarnet AIDS, treatment of Cytomegalovirus Fosmidomycin malaria, treatment Francisella tularensis anthrax, pulmonary anthrax, differential diagnosis ectoparasites, ticks myiasis, tabanids Pox diseases, biological weapons and Rebirth Island tularaemia, differential diagnosis tularaemia, general Francisella tularensis palearctica , (2) Fugu flavidus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Fugu niphobles , (2) Fugu poecilonotus , (2) Fumagillin protozoa, Microspora, treatment Funtumia elastica medical problems caused by plants, rubber Fusarium chlamydosporum medical mycology, deep mycoses Fusarium moniliformis , (2) Fusarium oxysporum , (2) Fusarium solani , (2) Fusobacterium fusiformis miscellaneous skin diseases, tropical ulcer - G - Gabapentine AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster marine biotoxins, ciguatera, treatment Galerina sp mycotoxins Galium odoratum rodents, rodent control Gambierdiscus toxicus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera , (2) Gambusia affinis arbovirusus, dengue, prevention malaria, prevention, biological control Gamma-interferon tuberculosis, treatment visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Ganciclovir AIDS, treatment of Cytomegalovirus Garcinia kola Ebola virus, treatment Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis ectoparasites, myiasis Gasterophilus intestinalis , (2) Gasterophilus nasalis , (2) Gastrodiscoides hominis helminthiasis, other Trematodes Genista tinctoria leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Gentamicin Bartonella quintana, treatment plague, therapy tularaemia, treatment Gerbillus rodents, taxonomy Gerbillus sp. plague, transmission and epidemiology Giardia agilis giardiasis, general Giardia ardeae , (2) Giardia duodenalis , (2) Giardia intestinalis , (2) Giardia lamblia , (2) Giardia muris , (2) Giardia psittaci , (2) Giardiasis clinical aspects cycle diagnosis general history pathogenicity prevention summary taxonomy treatment Gigantobilharzia huttoni schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Gigantobilharzia sturniae , (2) Glasgow Coma Scale Glenosporella lobo medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses Glossina fusca african trypanosomiasis, vector Glossina fuscipes african trypanosomiasis, vector, West African trypanosomiasis Glossina morsitans african trypanosomiasis, vector african trypanosomiasis, vector, East African trypanosomiasis Glossina pallidipes , (2) Glossina palpalis african trypanosomiasis, vector african trypanosomiasis, vector, West African trypanosomiasis Glossina swynnertoni african trypanosomiasis, vector, East African trypanosomiasis Glossina tachynoides african trypanosomiasis, vector, West African trypanosomiasis Gnathostoma doloresi helminthiasis, other nematodes Gnathostoma hispidum , (2) Gnathostoma nipponicum , (2) Gnathostoma spinigerum , (2) Gnatostoma spinigerum Post-travel, meningitis - encephalitis Gongylonema pulchrum ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis helminthiasis, other nematodes intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Gonyaulax polygramma ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Grammostola mollicoma spiders, species Grammostola sp. , (2) Griseofulvin medical mycology, onychomycosis, therapy medical mycology, Tinea, therapy , (2) Gymnodinium breve ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning Gymnodinium catenatum ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning Gymnodinium mikimotoi ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Gymnothorax javanicus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Gynocardia odorata leprosy, therapy - H - Hadogenes troglodytes scorpions, taxonomy Hadronyche cerberea spiders, species Hadronyche formidabilis , (2) Hadrurus hirsutus scorpions, taxonomy Hadrurus sp. , (2) Haemadipsa picta ectoparasites, leeches Haemadipsa sylvestris , (2) Haemadipsa zelanica , (2) Haemaphysalis longicornis rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Haemaphysalis spinigera arbovirusus, Kyasanur Forest disease ectoparasites, ticks Haematobia exigua loiasis, mechanical transmission myiasis, Dermatobia hominis Haematobia irritans loiasis, mechanical transmission myiasis, Dermatobia hominis Haematobia sp. african trypanosomiasis, vector, mechanical transmission Haematology alfa thalassaemia Beta thalassaemia exercises glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency other haemoglobinopathies sickle cell anaemia Haematopota pluvialis loiasis, mechanical transmission Haematopota sp. african trypanosomiasis, vector, mechanical transmission myiasis, tabanids Haematoxylon campechianum leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Haematoxylum brasiletto , (2) Haementeria ghilianii ectoparasites, leeches Haemonchus contortus helminthiasis, other nematodes Haemophilus AIDS, late clinical manifestations, fever AIDS, late clinical manifestations, respiratory Haemophilus ducreyi treponematoses, venereal syphilis Halicephalobus gingivalis helminthiasis, other nematodes , (2) Halofantrine malaria, treatment Haminoea sp. schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Hantaviruses addendum - rodents clinical diagnosis general prevention spread summary transmission treatment Hapalochlaena sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, shellfish associated biotoxins Hapaloclaena lunulata ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Hapaloclaena maculosa , (2) Hapalopus sp. spiders, species Haplorchis microrchis helminthiasis, other Trematodes Haplorchis pleurolophocerca , (2) Haplorchis pumilio , (2) Haplorchis taichui , (2) Haplorchis vanissimus , (2) Haplorchis yokogawai , (2) Harpactirella lightfooti spiders, species Haverhill fever, Rat bite fever Haycocknema perplexum helminthiasis, other nematodes Heat-related illnesses background heat production and regulation lab studies pathogenesis risk factors symptoms treatment Helicobacter pylori malaria, clinical picture, HMS Heliotropium lasocarpium medical problems caused by plants, veno-occlusive disease Helminthiasis cestodes - Tapeworms cycles diagnosis exercises general intestinal nematodes localisation other worm infections parasitism by worms summary tissue nematodes transmission trematodes - flukes Hemachatus haemachatus snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae Hemiscorpion lepturus scorpions, taxonomy Hemiscorpius lepturus , (2) Hepaticola hepatica helminthiasis, other nematodes Heracleum mantegazzianum medical problems caused by plants, phytophotodermatitis Heracleum sphondylium , (2) Herpes simiae rabies, differential diagnosis Herpyllus ecclesiasticus spiders, species Heteosigma akashiwo ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Heterobilharzia americana schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Heterodon platyrhinus snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae, imitation Heterophyes continua helminthiasis, other Trematodes Heterophyes dispar , (2) Heterophyes equalis , (2) Heterophyes heterophyes , (2) Heterophyes katsuradai , (2) Heterophyes nocens , (2) Heterosigma akashiwo ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Heterosigma carterae , (2) Hevea benthamiana medical problems caused by plants, rubber Hevea brasiliensis , (2) Hevea nitida , (2) Hierochlöe odorata rodents, rodent control Himasthla muehlensi helminthiasis, other Trematodes Hippomane mancinella ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Hippomane mancinella medical problems caused by plants, physico-chemical skin irritation Hirudin ectoparasites, leeches, medical applications Hirudinaria manillensis ectoparasites, leeches Hirudo medicinalis , (2) ectoparasites, leeches, medical applications Histoplasma capsulatum botryomycosis, differential diagnosis medical mycology, deep mycoses tularaemia, differential diagnosis Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum medical mycology, deep mycoses Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii , (2) Holochilus rodents, taxonomy Hottentotta minox scorpions, taxonomy HTLV-1 clinical aspects diagnosis differential diagnosis general history prevention summary transmission treatment Hyalomma arbovirusus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, transmission Hyalomma asiaticum rickettsiosis, fièvre boutonneuse Hyalomma sp rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Hyalomma truncatum ectoparasites, ticks Hydnocarpus anthelmintica leprosy, therapy Hydnocarpus kurzii , (2) Hydrelaps darwinensis snakes, taxonomy, Hydrophiidae Hydrophis elegans , (2) Hydrophis sp. , (2) Hydroxychloroquine Q fever, treatment Hydroxychloroquine sulphate malaria, treatment Hydroxyurea AIDS, treatment, other medication sickle cell anaemia, treatment Hylesia alinda ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Hylesia metabus , (2) Hylesia paulex , (2) Hymenolepis diminuta ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis helminthiasis, other Cestodes Hymenolepis nana , (2) Hymenolepis sp. arboviruses, general Hyoscyamus niger medical problems caused by plants, opium, morphine, heroin and methadone Hyoscyamus niger medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Hypoderaeum conoideum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Hypoderma bovis myiasis, Hypoderma sp. and Gastrophilus sp. Hypoderma lineatum myiasis, Hypoderma sp. and Gastrophilus sp. Hypoderma sp. ectoparasites, myiasis Hypoderma tarandi myiasis, Hypoderma sp. and Gastrophilus sp. Hysterothylacium sp. intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis - I - Ictiobus cyprinellus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, Haff disease Ifrita kowaldi poisonous birds Illicium religiosum malaria, treatment Imipenem melioidosis, treatment Imiquimod cutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment IMOL 881 african trypanosomiasis, treatment, medications seldom used Indinavir AIDS, treatment, protease inhibitors Indoplanorbis sp. schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Inermicapsifer madagascariensis helminthiasis, other Cestodes INH-RMP tuberculosis, treatment INH-RMP-PZA , (2) Inocybe sp. mycotoxins Inocybe sp. medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Introduction botany and zoology clinical picture diagnosis general parasite genome initiatives pathogenic organisms prevention transmission treatment useful manuals, tropical medicine Iodamoeba butschlii amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, differential diagnosis protozoa, non-E. histolytica intestinal amoebae Iodoquinol amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, treatment Ipomaea aquatica trematodes, liver flukes Ipomoea batatas medical problems caused by plants, introduction Ipomoea tricolor mycotoxins, ergotism Isatis tinctoria leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Isometres maculatus scorpions, taxonomy Isoniazid tuberculosis, treatment Isoparorchis hypselobagri helminthiasis, other Trematodes Isopeda sp. spiders, species Isospora belli AIDS, opportunistic infections protozoa, isosporosis Itraconazole AIDS, treatment of blastomycosis aspergillosis, therapy cutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment medical mycology, chromomycosis, therapy medical mycology, mycetoma, therapy medical mycology, onychomycosis, therapy medical mycology, sporotrichosis, therapy medical mycology, superficial candidosis, therapy medical mycology, Tinea, therapy , (2) protozoa, free-living amoebae Ivermectin intestinal nematodes, hookworms, treatment Strongyloides stercoralis, treatment lymphatic filariasis, treatment Mansonella streptocerca, treatment onchocerciasis, treatment , (2) Ixeuticus robustus spiders, species Ixodes dammini lyme disease, transmission Ixodes holocyclus ectoparasites, ticks rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Ixodes neotomae lyme disease, transmission Ixodes pacificus , (2) Ixodes persulcatus ectoparasites, ticks lyme disease, transmission Ixodes ricinus ectoparasites, ticks lyme disease, transmission medical problems caused by plants, ricin protozoa, Babesiosis, transmission Ixodes scapularis lyme disease, transmission protozoa, Babesiosis, transmission - J - Jania sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Japanese Encephalitis clinical presentation general prevention prevention biological control summary transmission and reservoir - K - Kaposi's Sarcoma AIDS, late clinical manifestations, neurological Kermes ilicis leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Kermes vermiglio , (2) Ketoconazole AIDS, treatment of candidiasis medical mycology, mycetoma, therapy mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment Kinyoun stain leprosy, diagnosis Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, differential diagnosis - L - Laccifera lacca leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Lachesis muta snakes, most important snakes snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Laetilia coccidivora leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Lagenidium giganteum. arbovirusus, Japanese Encephalitis, biological vector control Lagocephalus scleratus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Lagochilascaris minor helminthiasis, other nematodes Lamivudine AIDS, treatment, reverse transcriptase inhibitors Lampona sp. spiders, species Lampropeltis sp. snakes, taxonomy, Colubridae Landolphia gummifera medical problems caused by plants, rubber Lapemis hardwickii snakes, taxonomy, Hydrophiidae Lasiocampa quercus ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Lasiodora sp. spiders, species Lassa fever clinical aspects diagnosis Lassa virus prevention treatment Lathyrus cicera medical problems caused by plants, lathyrism Lathyrus clymenum , (2) Lathyrus ochrus , (2) Lathyrus odoratus , (2) Lathyrus sativus , (2) Laticauda colubrina snakes, taxonomy, Hydrophiidae , (2) Laticauda sp. snakes, most important snakes Latrodectus curacaviensis spiders, species Latrodectus geometricus , (2) Latrodectus mactans hasselti spiders, general spiders, species Latrodectus mactans mactans , (2) Latrodectus mactans tridecimguttatus , (2) Latrodectus variolus , (2) Laverania falcipara malaria, historical note Lawsonia inermis leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Legionella pneumophila tularaemia, differential diagnosis Leishmania aethiopica leishmaniasis, classification leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania amazonensis leishmaniasis, classification Leishmania archibaldi , (2) Leishmania braziliensis , (2) leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania chagasi leishmaniasis, classification leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis Leishmania donovani leishmaniasis, classification leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis Leishmania guyanensis leishmaniasis, classification leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis, classification leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, prevention Leishmania lainsoni leishmaniasis, classification Leishmania major , (2) leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, prevention Leishmania mexicana leishmaniasis, classification leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania naiff leishmaniasis, classification Leishmania panamensis , (2) Leishmania peruviana , (2) leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania pifanoi leishmaniasis, classification Leishmania shawi , (2) Leishmania tropica , (2) leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis Leishmania venezuelensis leishmaniasis, classification Leishmaniasis classification cutaneous leishmaniasis distribution exercices general historical note life cycle mucocutaneous leishmaniasis summary vector visceral leishmaniasis - Kala Azar Leiurus quinquestriatus scorpions, distribution scorpions, taxonomy Lepirudin ectoparasites, leeches, medical applications Leprosy clinical aspects cultivation diagnosis differential diagnosis exercises general historical history of dapsone and dyes leprosy classification Mycobacterium leprae physiopathology prevention summary therapy transmission Leptospira biflexa leptospirosis, taxonomy Leptospira faini , (2) Leptospira icterohaemorrhagicae leptospirosis, prevention Leptospira interrogans leptospirosis, taxonomy Leptospira interrogans autumnalis , (2) Leptospirosis clinical aspects course of the disease diagnosis differential diagnosis exercises general prevention summary taxonomy transmission treatment Leptotrombidium sp. rickettsiosis, transmission, via mites Letrazuril protozoa, cryptosporidiosis, treatment Levamisole Mansonella perstans, treatment Ligula intestinalis helminthiasis, other Cestodes Limnatis maculosa ectoparasites, leeches Limnatis nilotica , (2) Linezolid tuberculosis, treatment Linguatula serrata other worm infections, Pentastomida Listeria rabies, differential diagnosis Listeria ivanovii listeriosis, general Listeria monocytogenes AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS listeriosis, clinical presentation listeriosis, diagnosis listeriosis, general Listeria seeligeri , (2) Listeriosis clinical presentation diagnosis differential diagnosis general prevention summary transmission treatment Litomosoides carinii lymphatic filariasis, parasitic diagnosis onchocerciasis, endosymbiont Litomosoides sigmodontis ectoparasites, mites lymphatic filariasis, parasitic diagnosis lymphatic filariasis, endosymbiont onchocerciasis, diagnosis Livona pica ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Loa loa loiasis Toxocara canis Loboa loboi medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses leprosy, differential diagnosis Lodenosine AIDS, treatment, other medication Lonomia achelous ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Loperamide protozoa, Microspora, treatment Lopinavir/ ritonavir AIDS, treatment, protease inhibitors Lota lota ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, Haff disease Loviride AIDS, treatment, other medication Loxosceles arizonica spiders, species Loxosceles deserta , (2) Loxosceles laeta , (2) Loxosceles parram , (2) Loxosceles reclusa , (2) Loxosceles rufescens , (2) Loxosceles rufipes , (2) Loxosceles sp. anthrax,differential diagnosis Loxosceles spinulosa spiders, species Lucilia cuprina ectoparasites, myiasis Lucilia sericata myiasis, metallic flies ectoparasites, myiasis Lumefantrine malaria, treatment Lutzomyia olmeca leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis Lutzomyia sp. leishmaniasis, vector Lutzomyia verrucarum carrión's disease, transmission Lutzomyia wellcomei leishmaniasis, vector Lutzumyia longipalpis , (2) Lycosa raptoria spiders, species Lycosa tarantula , (2) Lyme disease clinical data diagnosis general points prevention transmission treatment Lymnaea natalensis trematodes, liver flukes Lymnaea sp. schistosomiasis, mollusca, taxonomy Lymnaea stagnalis , (2) Lymnaea trunculata trematodes, liver flukes Lyngbya majuscula ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Lytico-bodig medical problems caused by plants Lytta magister ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Lytta polita , (2) Lytta vesicatoria , (2) - M - MABA tuberculosis, diagnosis Macaca cynomolgus poliomyelitis, prevention Macaca fascicularis Ebola virus, general malaria in animals Macaca irus , (2) Macaca mulatta , (2) Macaca sinica , (2) Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Macracanthorhynchus ingens other worm infections, Acanthocephala Macrobdella decora ectoparasites, leeches Macropodus arbovirusus, dengue, prevention Macrozamia communis Lytico-bodig Madurella mycetomatis medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses Malarex malaria, treatment Malaria clinical picture cycle diagnosis epidemiological classification - stable versus unstable malaria exercices general geographical distribution historical note malaria genome sequencing project physiopathology prevention summary treatment vector Malarone malaria, treatment Malassezia furfur leprosy, differential diagnosis medical mycology, general introduction medical mycology, supericial mycoses , (2) Malpolon moilensis snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae, imitation Mammomonogamus laryngeus helminthiasis, other nematodes Mammomonogamus nasicola , (2) Mandrillus sp. AIDS, origin and subtypes Manihot aipi medical problems caused by plants, konzo cassava Manihot esculenta medical problems caused by plants, introduction medical problems caused by plants, konzo cassava Manihot glaziovii medical problems caused by plants, rubber Manihot utilissima medical problems caused by plants, konzo cassava Manilkara bidentata medical problems caused by plants, rubber Manilkara sapota leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis Mannitol marine biotoxins, ciguatera, treatment Mansonella ozzardi filariasis Mansonella perstans , (2) Mansonella rodhaini dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases Mansonella semiclarum , (2) Mansonella streptocerca filariasis Mansonia arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Mansonia africanus Pox diseases, tanapox Mansonia uniformis , (2) Mansonoides arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, transmission Marine biotoxins ciguatera cnidaria haff disease introduction scombroid intoxication shellfish associated biotoxins tetrodotoxin intoxication Marshallagia marshalli helminthiasis, other nematodes Marsilea drummondii medical problems caused by plants, introduction Mastomys coucha rodents, genera Mastomys erythroleucus arenaviruses, Lassa fever rodents, genera Mastomys huberti arenaviruses, Lassa fever rodents, genera Mastomys natalensis arenaviruses, Lassa fever rodents, genera rodents, rodent reservoir studies Mastomys sp. plague, transmission and epidemiology Mastophora sp. spiders, species Mathevotaenia symmetrica helminthiasis, other Cestodes Mebendazole intestinal nematodes, Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment intestinal nematodes, Capillaria philippinensis, treatment intestinal nematodes, Enterobius vermicularis, treatment intestinal nematodes, hookworms, treatment intestinal nematodes, Trichuris trichiura, treatment loiasis, treatment Mansonella perstans, treatment tissue nematodes, Trichinella spiralis Mecistocirrus digitatus helminthiasis, other nematodes Medicago sativa ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Medical mycology deep mycoses, aspergilloses deep mycoses, blastomycosis deep mycoses, coccidioidomycosis deep mycoses, cryptococcosis deep mycoses, deep candidoses deep mycoses, exotic deep mycoses deep mycoses, fusariosis deep mycoses, introduction deep mycoses, mucormycosis deep mycoses, paracoccidioidomycosis deep mycoses, phaehyphomycosis deep mycoses, pseudallescheriasis deep mycosis due to Penicillium marneffei general remarks subcutaneous mycoses, chromoblastomycosis subcutaneous mycoses, introduction subcutaneous mycoses, Lobomycosis subcutaneous mycoses, mycetomas subcutaneous mycoses, sporotrichosis subcutaneous mycosis, Basidiobolomycosis superficial mycoses, dermatophytoses superficial mycoses, Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum ovale) superficial mycoses, onychomycoses (Tinea unguium) superficial mycoses, superficial candidosis Medical problems caused by plants ackee poisoning allergy epidemic dropsy gluten - Coeliakie introduction konzo lathyrism Lytico-bodig physico-chemical skin irritation phytophotodermatitis poison - cardiac glycosides ricin rubber synaptic toxins veno-occlusive disease Mefloquine malaria, treatment Megalopyge lanata ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Megalopyge operculata , (2) Megalopyge superba , (2) Megaselia scalaris ectoparasites, myiasis Megazol african trypanosomiasis, treatment, medications seldom used Meglumine antimonate mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Melanoplus sp. ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Melarsoprol african trypanosomiasis, treatment Melilotus alba rodents, rodent control Melioidosis clinical features diagnosis general historical treatment Meningonema peruzzi dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases Toxocara canis Mepacrine giardiasis, treatment , (2) Meriones sp. plague, transmission and epidemiology Merluccius merluccius helminthiasis, other nematodes Mermis nigriscens , (2) Mesobuthus tamulus scorpions, taxonomy Mesocestoides lineatus helminthiasis, other Cestodes Mesocestoides variabilis , (2) Mesocyclops arbovirusus, dengue, prevention Metagonimus minutus Metagonimus yokogawai helminthiasis, other Trematodes Metastrongylus apri helminthiasis, other nematodes Metastrongylus elongatus , (2) Metastrongylus pudendotectu , (2) Metastrongylus salmi , (2) Metorchis albidus helminthiasis, other Trematodes Metorchis conjunctus , (2) trematodes, liver flukes Metrifonate schistosomiasis, treatment Metronidazole amoebiasis, hepatic amoebiasis, treatment amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, treatment Borrelia vincenti, treatment giardiasis, treatment Miconia argentea leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Microcoleus sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Microcyclus ulei medical problems caused by plants, rubber Microcystis aeruginosa ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, shellfish associated biotoxins Microfilaria bolivarensis dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases Microfilaria semiclarum Mansonella perstans, differential diagnosis Micromys rodents, taxonomy Micronema deletrix helminthiasis, other nematodes Microphallus minus helminthiasis, other Trematodes Micropteryx sp. ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Microsporidium africanum protozoa, Microspora Microsporidium ceylonensis , (2) Microsporum canis medical mycology, supericial mycoses , (2) Microsporum gypseum , (2) Microsporum langeroni , (2) Microtityus waeringi scorpions, taxonomy Microtus rodents, genera rodents, taxonomy Microtus arvalis hantaviruses, transmission Microtus ochrogaster , (2) Microtus pennsylvanicus , (2) Micruroides sp. snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae Micrurus fulvius , (2) Midazolam tetanus, treatment Millepora alcicornis ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Millepora platyphylla , (2) Millepora tenera , (2) Miltefosine visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Minocycline leprosy, therapy miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum, treatment MIRP tuberculosis, diagnosis Miscellaneous skin diseases Ainhum (Dactylolysis spontanea) Buruli ulcer Endemic pemphigus foliaceus keloids Mycobacterium marinum Tropical ulcer Missulena sp. spiders, species Monieza expansa helminthiasis, other Cestodes Moniliformis moniliformis other worm infections, Acanthocephala Multiceps brauni helminthiasis, other Cestodes Multiceps glomeratus , (2) Multiceps longihamatus , (2) Multiceps multiceps cestodes, infections with various larval tapeworms helminthiasis, other Cestodes Multiceps serialis , (2) Murex brandaris leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Murex sp. schistosomiasis, mollusca, taxonomy Murex trunculus leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Mus domesticus arenaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus rodents, genera Mus musculus arenaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus rodents, genera Mus setulosus Ebola virus, transmission Musca domestica malaria, vector Musca sp. ectoparasites, myiasis trachoma, summary Mycobacterium abscessus Buruli ulcer, diagnosis Mycobacterium africanum tuberculosis, classification of mycobacteria Mycobacterium asiaticum , (2) Mycobacterium avium AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS tuberculosis, classification of mycobacteria Mycobacterium avium intracellulare Buruli ulcer, diagnosis Mycobacterium balnei miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum Mycobacterium bovis pox diseases, orf, paravaccinia and related viruses, differential diagnosis tuberculosis, classification of mycobacteria tuberculosis, prevention tuberculosis, transmission Mycobacterium chelonae Buruli ulcer, diagnosis Mycobacterium fortuitum , (2) Mycobacterium intracellulare tuberculosis, classification of mycobacteria Mycobacterium leprae Buruli ulcer, pathology leprosy, diagnosis leprosy, general leprosy, historical note tuberculosis, classification of mycobacteria Mycobacterium malmoense Buruli ulcer, diagnosis Mycobacterium marinum botryomycosis, differential diagnosis miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum tularaemia, differential diagnosis Mycobacterium microti tuberculosis, classification of mycobacteria Mycobacterium szulga Buruli ulcer, diagnosis Mycobacterium terrae , (2) Mycobacterium tuberculosis AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS Buruli ulcer, pathology leprosy, diagnosis leprosy, historical note tuberculosis, classification of mycobacteria tuberculosis, diagnosis , (2) tuberculosis, general tuberculosis, transmission Mycobacterium ulcerans Buruli ulcer, aetiology Buruli ulcer, pathology tuberculosis, clinical aspects, skin Mycobacterium xenopi Buruli ulcer, diagnosis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Q fever, clinical features tularaemia, differential diagnosis Mycotoxins aflatoxins ergotism general Myrica gale leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Myroxylon balsamum malaria, treatment Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae medical problems caused by plants, allergy Myxobdella africana ectoparasites, leeches Myxozoan parasites protozoa - N - Naegleria fowleri protozoa, free-living amoebae Naja atra snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae Naja haje annulifera , (2) Naja kaouthia , (2) Naja katiensis , (2) Naja melanoleuca , (2) Naja mossambica , (2) Naja naja naja , (2) Naja nigricollis , (2) Naja nigricollis nigricincta , (2) Naja nigricollis woodi , (2) Naja nivea , (2) Naja oxiana , (2) Naja pallida , (2) Naja philippinensis , (2) Naja sagittifera , (2) Naja samarensis , (2) Naja siamensis , (2) Naja sputatrix , (2) Naja sumatrana , (2) Nanophyetus salmincola helminthiasis, other Trematodes Nanophyetus schikhobalowi , (2) Nasturtium officinale trematodes, liver flukes Natrix natrix snakes, description, general Nebo hierichonticus scorpions, taxonomy Necator americanus intestinal nematodes, hookworms, cycle Necator argentinus intestinal nematodes, hookworms Necator suillus , (2) Nelfinavir AIDS, treatment, protease inhibitors Nematodes heliminthiasis, intestinal nematodes helminthiasis, tissue nematodes Nematodirus abnormalis helminthiasis, other nematodes Neodiplostomum seoulensis helminthiasis, other Trematodes Neosparassus sp. spiders, species Neotoma rodents, taxonomy Neotrombicula autumnalis ectoparasites, mites Neotyphodium coenophialum medical problems caused by plants, introduction Nerium oleander medical problems caused by plants, poison - cardiac glycosides Nevirapine AIDS, treatment, non-nucleoside RT-inhibitors New World arenaviruses clinical aspects general prevention transmission treatment Niclosamide cestodes, taeniasis, treatment Nifedipine scorpions stings, treatment Nifurtimox african trypanosomiasis, treatment, medications seldom used Chagas' disease, treatment Nipah virus Niridazole schistosomiasis, treatment Nitazoxamide protozoa, Microspora, treatment Nitazoxanide Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, treatment protozoa, cryptosporidiosis, treatment Nitroquine malaria, treatment Nitroxinil Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, treatment Nocardia asteroides AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS Nocardia lurida snakes, snake venom Nocardia sp. tuberculosis, diagnosis, problem cases Noctiluca scintillans ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Nopalea coccinellifera leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Nortriptyline AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Nosema algerae protozoa, Microspora Nosema connori , (2) Nosema corneum , (2) Nosema ocularum , (2) Nosopsyllus fasciatus plague, transmission and epidemiology Notechis ater snakes, treatment, antivenom Notechis ater serventy , (2) Notechis scutatus , (2) Notechis sp. snakes, most important snakes Nothobranchius sp. malaria, prevention, biological control Notoedres cati ectoparasites, mites Nybelinia surmenicola helminthiasis, other Cestodes , (2) Nystatin medical mycology, superficial candidosis, therapy - O - Odocoileus virginianus Ehrlichia infections lyme disease, transmission Odonthobuthus doriae scorpions, taxonomy Oesophagostomum aculeatum intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Oesophagostomum bifurcum , (2) Oesophagostomum stephanostomum , (2) Oestrus ovis ectoparasites, myiasis Ofloxacin anthrax, treatment and prevention brucellosis, treatment leprosy, therapy Oligoryzomys flavescens hantaviruses, transmission Oligoryzomys longicaudatus , (2) Olios sp. spiders, species Oltipraz schistosomiasis, treatment Onchocerca flexuosa onchocerciasis, endosymbiont Onchocerca ochengi onchocerciasis, prevention Onchocerca volvulus onchocerciasis Oncomelania schistosomiasis, general Oncomelania sp. schistosomiasis, vector Oncomelania sp. schistosomiasis, mollusca, taxonomy Oncovin HTLV-1, treatment Ondatra zibethicus rodents, genera Ophiophagus hannah snakes, taxonomy, Elapidae Opisthorchis felineus helminthiasis, other Trematodes Opisthorchis guayaquilensis , (2) Opisthorchis noverca , (2) Opisthorchis sinensis , (2) Opisthorchis viverrini trematodes, liver flukes Opuntia sp. leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Orientabilharzia turkestanica schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Orientia (Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi ectoparasites, mites Orientia tsutsugamushi rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via mites tularaemia, differential diagnosis Ornidazole giardiasis, treatment Ornithodoros erraticus relapsing fever, endemic relapsing fever Ornithodoros hermsii , (2) Ornithodoros moubata ectoparasites, ticks relapsing fever, endemic relapsing fever relapsing fever, general points Ornithodoros parkeri relapsing fever, endemic relapsing fever Ornithodoros turicata , (2) Ornithonyssus bacoti ectoparasites, mites Ornithonyssus sylviarum , (2) Oropsylla montana plague, transmission and epidemiology , (2) Oropsylla silantievi , (2) Oryza sativa vitamin deficiencies, beriberi Oryzomys rodents, taxonomy Oryzomys palustris hantaviruses, transmission Oscillaria malariae malaria, historical note Ostertagia circumcincta helminthiasis, other nematodes Ostertagia ostertagi , (2) Ostreopsis sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Otinus pyralis ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Otomys sp. plague, transmission and epidemiology Oxamniquine schistosomiasis, treatment Oxyclozanide Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, treatment Oxycodone AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Oxyuranus sp. snakes, most important snakes - P - Paederus fuscipes ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Palaquium gutta medical problems caused by plants, rubber Pales processionea oak processionary caterpillar, control Palythoa caribaeorum ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Palythoa sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Palythoa toxicus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Palythoa vestitus , (2) PAM framboesia tropica, treatment Pamidronate visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Pan troglodytes troglodytes AIDS, origin and subtypes Panchax arbovirusus, dengue, prevention Pandinus imperator scorpions, taxonomy Panstrongylus megistus Chagas' disease, vectors Papaver bracteatum medical problems caused by plants, opium, morphine, heroin and methadone Papaver somniferum medical problems caused by plants, introduction medical problems caused by plants, opium, morphine, heroin and methadone Papio sp. arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Para-aminosalicylic acid tuberculosis, treatment Parabuthus fulvipes scorpions, taxonomy Parabuthus granulatus , (2) Parabuthus liosoma , (2) Parabuthus pallidus , (2) Parabuthus transvaalicus , (2) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis medical mycology, deep mycoses, Paracoccidioides loboi medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses Paragonimus sp Toxocara canis Paragonimus westermani trematodes, lung flukes, Paragonimus westermani Parascaris equorum helminthiasis, other nematodes Parastrongylus cantonensis , (2) Parastrongylus costaricensis , (2) Parastrongylus mackerrassae , (2) Parastrongylus malaysiensis , (2) Paromomycin amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, treatment cutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment giardiasis, treatment protozoa, cryptosporidiosis, treatment Parthenium argentatum medical problems caused by plants, rubber Paryphostomum sufrartyfex helminthiasis, other Trematodes Paspalum distichum mycotoxins, ergotism Pasteurella multocida cat-scratch disease rat bite fever, Haverhill fever, differential diagnosis Pasteurella tularensis tularaemia, general Patella sp. schistosomiasis, mollusca, taxonomy Payena leeri medical problems caused by plants, rubber Pediculus humanus capitis ectoparasites, lice louse-borne borreliosis Pediculus humanus corporis Bartonella quintana, transmission ectoparasites, lice louse-borne borreliosis Pefloxacin leprosy, therapy Peganum harmala medical problems caused by plants, introduction Pelagia noctiluca ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Pelamis platurus snakes, taxonomy, Hydrophiidae , (2) Pelamis sp. snakes, most important snakes Pellicularia salmonicolor malaria, treatment Pelodera strongyloides helminthiasis, other nematodes Penicillin Borrelia vincenti, treatment Haverhill fever, treatment Penicillin G listeriosis, treatment lyme disease, treatment tetanus, treatment Penicillium citreoviride mycotoxins Penicillium griseofulvium medical mycology, supericial mycoses Penicillium marneffei AIDS, late clinical manifestations medical mycology, deep mycoses , (2) medical mycology, gerenal introduction Pentamidine african trypanosomiasis, treatment AIDS, opportunistic infections, treatment of Pneumocystis carinii cutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment Pentamidine dimethane sulphonate african trypanosomiasis, treatment Pentamidine isethionate , (2) visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Pentastoma najae other worm infections, Pentastomida Pentoxyphylline mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, treatment Peromyscus rodents, genera rodents, taxonomy Peromyscus leucopus hantaviruses, transmission lyme disease, transmission Peromyscus maniculatus Ehrlichia infections hantaviruses, transmission rodents, rodent reservoir studies Peromyscus truei Ehrlichia infections Peschiera fuchsiaefolia malaria, treatment Peucetia viridans spiders, species Pfiesteria piscicida ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, pfeisteria related problems Phaenicia sericata myiasis, metallic flies Phaeocystis pouchetii ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Phaneropsolus bonnei helminthiasis, other Trematodes , (2) Phaneropsolus spinicirrus , (2) Pharyngomyia picta ectoparasites, myiasis Phenobarbital cestodes, cysticercosis, treatment Phenytoin , (2) Phialophora richardsiae medical mycology, deep mycoses Phidippus formosus spiders, species Philometra sp. helminthiasis, other nematodes Philophthalmus lacrymosus helminthiasis, other Trematodes Philudoria potatoria ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Phlebotomus argentipes leishmaniasis, historical note leishmaniasis, vector Phlebotomus papatasi , (2) Phlebotomus sp. , (2) Phocanema sp. intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Phoneutria boliviensis spiders, species Phoneutria columniana , (2) Phoneutria fera , (2) Phoneutria keyserling , (2) Phoneutria nigriventer spiders, general spiders, species Phormia sp. ectoparasites, myiasis Phormidium sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, shellfish associated biotoxins Photobacterium phosphoreum ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Phthirus pubis ectoparasites, lice Phthirus pubis louse-borne borreliosis Physalia physalis ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria , (2) Physalia utriculus , (2) Physaloptera caucasica helminthiasis, other nematodes Physaloptera praeputialis , (2) Physaloptera rara , (2) Physaloptera transfuga , (2) Physostigma venenosum medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Phytobdella catenifera ectoparasites, leeches Phytolacca americana medical problems caused by plants, introduction Phytophthora cinnamoni malaria, treatment Phytophthora palmivora , (2) Pilocarpus jaborandi medical problems caused by plants, introduction Pilocarpus microphyllus medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Pimpla turionellae oak processionary caterpillar, control Piper betel medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Piperazine intestinal nematodes, Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment Pistia sp. lymphatic filariasis, vector control Pitohui cristatus poisonous birds Pitohui dichrous , (2) Pitohui ferrugineus , (2) Pitohui incertus , (2) Pitohui kirhocephalus , (2) Pitohui nigrescens , (2) Pityrosporon ovale AIDS, late clinical manifestations, various cutaneous problems Pityrosporum ovale leprosy, differential diagnosis medical mycology, general introduction Plagiorchis hiranasuta helminthiasis, other Trematodes Plagiorchis javanensis , (2) Plagiorchis muris , (2) Plagiorchis philippinensis , (2) Plague clinical diagnosis differential diagnosis example - plague in India, 1994 exercises general historical plague = plague? present situation prevention summary surveillance therapy Thucydides transmission and epidemiology Plasmodium berghei malaria in animals malaria, cycle Plasmodium brasilianum malaria in animals malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium chabaudi malaria in animals Plasmodium coatneyi , (2) Plasmodium cynomolgi , (2) malaria, vector Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianelli malaria in animals malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium cynomolgi cynomolgi malaria in animals malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium elongatum malaria in animals Plasmodium falciparum malaria, clinical picture malaria, clinical picture, acute severe malaria malaria, cycle malaria, diagnosis malaria, diagnosis,antigen detection malaria, general, genus Plasmodium malaria, geographical distribution malaria, prevention malaria, vector protozoa, Babesiosis, differential diagnosis Plasmodium falciparum aethiopicum malaria, general Plasmodium falciparum immaculata , (2) Plasmodium falciparum perniciosa , (2) Plasmodium falciparum quitidiamum , (2) Plasmodium falciparum tenue , (2) Plasmodium falciparum) rabies, differential diagnosis Plasmodium fieldi malaria in animals Plasmodium fragile , (2) Plasmodium gallinaceum , (2) Plasmodium girardi , (2) Plasmodium gonderi , (2) Plasmodium hylobati , (2) Plasmodium inui , (2) malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium inui inui malaria in animals Plasmodium inui shortii , (2) Plasmodium knowlesi , (2) , (2) malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium knowlesi edesoni malaria in animals Plasmodium knowlesi knowlesi , (2) Plasmodium lophurae , (2) Plasmodium malariae malaria, clinical picture malaria, clinical picture, acute severe malaria malaria, clinical picture, nephrotic syndrome malaria, cycle malaria, diagnosis malaria, general, genus Plasmodium malaria, geographical distribution malaria, physiopathology Plasmodium ovale malaria, clinical picture malaria, clinical picture, acute severe malaria malaria, cycle malaria, diagnosis malaria, general, genus Plasmodium malaria, geographical distribution malaria, physiopathology Plasmodium pitheci malaria in animals Plasmodium reichenowi , (2) Plasmodium relictum , (2) Plasmodium schwetzi , (2) malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium simiovale malaria in animals Plasmodium simium , (2) malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium vivax malaria, clinical picture malaria, clinical picture, acute severe malaria malaria, cycle malaria, diagnosis malaria, diagnosis,antigen detection malaria, general, genus Plasmodium malaria, geographical distribution malaria, prevention malaria, vector Plasmodium vivax chesson malaria, general, genus Plasmodium Plasmodium vivax hibernans , (2) Plasmodium vivax multinucleatum , (2) Pleistophora sp protozoa, Microspora Pneumocystis carinii AIDS, late clinical manifestations, respiratory AIDS, opportunistic infections, treatment of Pneumocystis carinii listeriosis, general medical mycology, general introduction Pneumocystis carinii, HTLV-1, clinical aspects Podophyllum peltatum medical problems caused by plants, physico-chemical skin irritation Poikilorchis congolensis helminthiasis, other Trematodes Poliomyelitis clinical features diagnosis exercises future general pathophysiology post-poliomyelitis syndrome prevention summary treatment Polygonum tinctorium leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Polyhexamethylene biguanide protozoa, Acanthamoeba sp., treatment Polypilis sp. schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Porphyrophora hamelii leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Porphyrophora polonica , (2) Posaconazole medical mycology, chromomycosis, therapy Potassium iodide medical mycology, sporotrichosis, therapy Potassium permanganate endemic pemphigus foliaceus, treatment Pox diseases camelpox cowpox Molluscum contagiosum monkeypox Orf, paravaccinia and related viruses poxviruses smallpox (variola) summary tanapox Praomys natalensis arenaviruses, Lassa fever Praomys sp. Ebola virus, transmission Praziquantel cestodes, cysticercosis, treatment cestodes, taeniasis Praziquantel: schistosomiasis treatment Prazocin Familial Mediterranean fever, treatment scorpions stings, treatment Prednisolone endemic pemphigus foliaceus, treatment Prednisone HTLV-1, treatment Premolis semirufa ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Primaquine malaria, treatment Probenecid venereal syphilis, current treatment Procerovum calderoni helminthiasis, other Trematodes Procerovum varium , (2) Procyon lotor dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases helminthiasis, other nematodes Post-travel, meningitis - encephalitis Proguanil malaria, treatment Prohemistomum vivax helminthiasis, other Trematodes Propamidine isethionate protozoa, Acanthamoeba sp., treatment Prorocentrum lima ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning Prorocentrum sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Prosthodendrium molenkampi helminthiasis, other Trematodes Protionamide leprosy, therapy Prototheca wickerhamii: protozoa Protothecosis Prototheca zopfi: protozoa , (2) Protozoa Babesiosis Balantidium coli Blastocystosis Cryptosporidiosis Cyclospora cayetanensis free-living amoebae Isosporosis Microspora myxozoan parasites non-E. histolytica intestinal amoebae Protothecosis Rhinosporidiosis Sarcocystosis Prymnesium parvum ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction , (2) Prymnesium patelliferum , (2) Pseudallescheria boydii medical mycology, deep mycoses Pseudamphistomum aethiopicum helminthiasis, other Trematodes Pseudamphistomum truncatum , (2) Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis other worm infections, Acanthocephala Pseudoechis australis snakes, treatment, antivenom Pseudoechis papuanis , (2) Pseudoechis porphyriacus , (2) Pseudoechis sp. snakes, most important snakes Pseudomonas aeruginosa anthrax, differential diagnosis Pseudomonas mallei melioidosis, general Pseudomonas pseudomallei , (2) Pseudonaja affinis snakes, treatment, antivenom Pseudonaja nuchalis , (2) Pseudonaja sp. snakes, most important snakes Pseudonaja textilis snakes, treatment, antivenom Pseudonitzschia australis ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Pseudonitzschia multiseries , (2) Pseudonitzschia pseudodelicatissima ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, amnesic shellfish poisoning ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Pseudonitzschia pungens ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, amnesic shellfish poisoning ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Pseudosuccinea sp. schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Pseudoterranova decipiens helminthiasis, other nematodes intestinal nematodes, oesophagostomiasis Psilorchis hominis helminthiasis, other Trematodes Psorophora sp. myiasis, Dermatobia hominis Psychotria viridis medical problems caused by plants, introduction Pteridium aquilinum , (2) Pteris vittata arsenic, soil remediation Pteropus hypomelanus, arbovirusus, Nipah virus Pteropus mariannus Lytico-bodig Pteropus sp. rabies, transmission Pulex irritans ectoparasites, fleas plague, historical plague, transmission and epidemiology , (2) Pyemotes triciti ectoparasites, mites Pyemotes ventriculosus , (2) Pygidiopsis summa helminthiasis, other Trematodes Pyramicocephalus anthocephalus helminthiasis, other Cestodes , (2) Pyrantel intestinal nematodes, Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment intestinal nematodes, hookworms, treatment Pyrazinamide tuberculosis, treatment Pyrimethamine AIDS, treatment of Toxoplasma gondii malaria, treatment protozoa, isosporosis, treatment Pyrococcus woesei arenaviruses, Lassa fever, diagnosis Pyrodinium bahamense ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning Pyronaridine malaria, treatment Pythium vexans , (2) - Q - Q fever antigenic variation clinical features diagnosis general organism reservoir transmission treatment Qinghaosu malaria, treatment Quercus coccifera leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Quinine malaria, treatment protozoa, Babesiosis, treatment Quinine bihydrochloride malaria, treatment Quinine sulphate , (2) Quinolones typhoid fever, treatment Quinquina condamine malaria, treatment - R - Rabies clinical features diagnosis exercises general pathogenesis prevention rabies in the animal summary transmission treatment vaccine, historical note Rafoxanide Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, treatment Raillietina asiatica helminthiasis, other Cestodes Raillietina celebensis , (2) Raillietina demerariensis , (2) Raillietina garrisoni , (2) Raillietina madagascariensis , (2) Raillietina siriraji , (2) Rat bite fever general Haverhill fever sodoku summary Rattus rodents, taxonomy Rattus muelleri schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Rattus norvegicus hantaviruses, transmission plague, transmission and epidemiology rodents, genera Rattus rattus plague, transmission and epidemiology rodents, genera Rauwolfia serpentina medical problems caused by plants, introduction Reithrodon rodents, taxonomy Reithrodontomys megalotis hantaviruses, transmission Relapsing fever clinical data diagnosis endemic relapsing fever louse-borne borreliosis prevention recurring fever, general summary treatment Repifermin miscellaneous skin diseases, tropical ulcer, treatment Reseda luteola leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Retortamonas intestinalis giardiasis, differential diagnosis Rhabditis axei helminthiasis, other nematodes Rhabditis elongata , (2) Rhabditis hominis , (2) Rhabditis inermis , (2) Rhabditis niellyi , (2) Rhabditis pellio , (2) Rhabditis taurica , (2) Rhabditis terricola , (2) Rhabdophis subminiatus snakes, taxonomy, Colubridae Rhabdophis tigrinus , (2) Rhinoestrus purpureus ectoparasites, myiasis Rhinosolenia chunii ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Rhinosporidium equi: protozoa Rhinosporidiosis Rhinosporidium seeberi: protozoa , (2) Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ectoparasites, ticks Rhipicephalus conori rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rhipicephalus evertsi ectoparasites, ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus , (2) rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks , (2) Rhizomucor pusillus medical mycology, deep mycoses Rhizopus arrhizus , (2) Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis , (2) Rhizopus oryzae , (2) Rhodnius pallescens Chagas' disease, vectors Rhodnius prolixus , (2) Rhodococcus equi tuberculosis, diagnosis, problem cases Rhodococcus sp. AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS Rhombomys sp. plague, transmission and epidemiology Rhus juglandifolia medical problems caused by plants, allergy Rhus toxicodendron , (2) Rhus vernicifera , (2) Ribavirin Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, treatment hantaviruses, treatment Lassa fever, treatment Rift Valley Fever, treatment Ricinus communis leishmaniasis, vector , (2) medical problems caused by plants, ricin Rickettsia africae rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia akari rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via mites Rickettsia australis rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia bell , (2) Rickettsia conorii rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia felis ectoparasites, fleas rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via fleas Rickettsia helvetica rickettsiosis, overview Rickettsia honei , (2) rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia japonica , (2) Rickettsia japonicum rickettsiosis, overview Rickettsia mongolotimonae ectoparasites, ticks rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia montana , (2) Rickettsia mooseri ectoparasites, fleas Rickettsia peacockii rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia prowazekii ectoparasites, lice rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission via lice Rickettsia pumilio rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia rhipicephali , (2) Rickettsia rickettsii rickettsiosis, overview Rickettsia sharoni , (2) Rickettsia sibirica rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia slovaca rickettsiosis, overview rickettsiosis, transmission, via ticks Rickettsia typhi ectoparasites, fleas rickettsiosis, transmission, via fleas Rickettsia typhi (mooseri) rickettsiosis, overview Rickettsia. sibirica , (2) Rickettsiosis clinical features diagnosis exercises general overview prevention summary transmission treatment Rictularia pterygodermatites. helminthiasis, other nematodes Rifabutin tuberculosis, treatment , (2) Rifampicin anthrax, treatment and prevention Bartonella quintana, treatment brucellosis, treatment leprosy, therapy miscellaneous skin diseases, Mycobacterium marinum, treatment tuberculosis, treatment Rifapentine , (2) Rift Valley Fever area of distribution clinical presentation control diagnosis differential diagnosis summary transmission treatment virus zoonosis Ritonavir AIDS, treatment, protease inhibitors Rivea corymbosa mycotoxins, ergotism Robertsiella sp. schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Roccella tinctoria leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Rodents anatomy economic significance genera general importance in research medical significance rodent control rodent reservoir studies taxonomy Romanomermis sp helminthiasis, other nematodes Rubia tinctorum leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Ruta graveolens medical problems caused by plants, phytophotodermatitis Ruvettus pretiosus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, scombroid intoxication - S - Saimiri sp. arbovirusus, yellow fever, zoonosis Salmonella AIDS, late clinical manifestations, fever Salmonella dublin typhoid fever, general Salmonella enterica , (2) Salmonella group B AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS Salmonella hirschfeldii typhoid fever Salmonella paratyphi typhoid fever, general Salmonella schotmulleri typhoid fever Salmonella typhi typhoid fever, general Salmonella typhimurium , (2) Sanguinaria canadensis medical problems caused by plants, epidemic dropsy Saperconazole medical mycology, chromomycosis, therapy Saquinavir AIDS, treatment, protease inhibitors Sarcocystis bovihominis protozoa, sarcocystosis Sarcocystis hominis , (2) Sarcocystis suihominis , (2) Sarcophaga carnaria myiasis, Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis , (2) Sarcoptes bovis ectoparasites, mites Sarcoptes equi , (2) Sarcoptes scabiei , (2) Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis , (2) Sardina pilchardus helminthiasis, other nematodes Scarus gibbus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Scedosporium apiospermum medical mycology, deep mycoses Scedosporium prolificans , (2) Schistocephalus solidus helminthiasis, other Cestodes Schistosoma bovis schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Schistosoma haematobium schistosomiasis, general Schistosoma intercalatum , (2) Schistosoma japonicum , (2) Schistosoma malayensis schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Schistosoma margrebowiei , (2) Schistosoma mattheei , (2) Schistosoma mekongi schistosomiasis, general Schistosoma rodhaini schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Schistosoma spindale , (2) Schistosoma. mansoni schistosomiasis, general Schistosomatium douthitti schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Schistosomiasis ascites clinical features cycle diagnosis exercises general geographical distribution hosts infection with S. mekongi infections with S. intercalatum and S. mattheei prevention pulmonary hypertension summary taxonomy - Mollusca treatment vector Scomber japonicus helminthiasis, other nematodes Scomber scombrus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, scombroid intoxication Scopolia carniolica medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Scopulariopsis brevicaulis medical mycology, supericial mycoses , (2) Scorpions biology clinic differences from other arthropods distribution general prevention reproduction scorpion venom scorpions stings, diagnosis scorpions stings, differential diagnosis scorpions stings, treatment taxonomy Scrippsiella trochoidea ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Secale cereale mycotoxins, ergotism Secnidazole giardiasis, treatment Segestria sp. spiders, species Segmentina sp. schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Senecio sp. arbovirusus, Rift Valley Fever, differential diagnosis medical problems caused by plants, veno-occlusive disease Septata intestinalis protozoa, Microspora Sergentomyia leishmaniasis, vector Sergentomyia. shorttii , (2) Serrasalmus natterer ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, piranhas Serrasalmus piraya , (2) Serrasalmus ternetz , (2) Serratula tinctoria leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Setaria equina dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases Shigella dysenteriae diarrhoea in the tropics, aetiology Shigella flexneri , (2) Shigella sonnei , (2) Sicarius sp. spiders, species Sigmodon rodents, taxonomy Sigmodon alstoni New World arenaviruses, transmission Sigmodon hispidus hantaviruses, transmission Simulium damnosum onchocerciasis, vector Simulium metallicum , (2) Simulium neavei , (2) Simulium ochraceum , (2) Sistrurus sp. snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Skeletonema costatum cholera, reservoir Smallpox clinical features diagnosis differential diagnosis general historical prevention treatment virus Snakes antisera - Europe clinic description distribution examples of antisera exercises prevention snake venom summary taxonomy treatment Sodium stibogluconate visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Sodoku, Rat bite fever Solanum aviculare medical problems caused by plants, introduction Solanum jasminoides leishmaniasis, vector Solanum luteum , (2) Sparfloxacin leprosy, therapy Sphacelia typhina mycotoxins, ergotism Spiders body structure general species summary venom glands and venom Spirillum minus rat bite fever, Haverhill fever rat bite fever, sodoku rickettsiosis, diagnosis tularaemia, differential diagnosis Spirocerca lupi helminthiasis, other nematodes Spirometra mansoni cestodes, infections with various larval tapeworms Spirometra mansonoides , (2) Spirometra sp. helminthiasis, other Cestodes Sporothrix schenkii medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses Stachybotrys atra mycotoxins Staphylococcus AIDS, late clinical manifestations, fever Staphylococcus aureus anthrax,differential diagnosis botryomycosis diarrhoea in the tropics, aetiology haematology, sickle cell anaemia, clinical overview tularaemia, differential diagnosis Stavudine AIDS, treatment, reverse transcriptase inhibitors Steatoda grossa spiders, species Steatoda paykulliana , (2) Steatoda sp. , (2) Stellantchasmus amplicaecalis helminthiasis, other Trematodes Stellantchasmus falcatus , (2) Stictodora fuscatum , (2) Stomolophus nomurai ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Stomoxys calcitrans loiasis, mechanical transmission myiasis, Dermatobia hominis Stomoxys sp. african trypanosomiasis, vector, mechanical transmission Streptobacillus moniliformis rat bite fever, Haverhill fever rickettsiosis, diagnosis tularaemia, differential diagnosis Streptococcus pneumoniae haematology, sickle cell anaemia, clinical overview Streptococcus pyogenes tularaemia, differential diagnosis Streptomyces mediterranei tuberculosis, treatment, Rifampicin Streptomyces pelletieri medical mycology, subcutaneous mycoses Streptomycin brucellosis, treatment medical mycology, mycetoma, therapy plague, therapy sodoku, treatment tuberculosis, treatment tularaemia, treatment Strobilanthes flaccidifolius leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Strongyloides canis intestinal nematodes, Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides cebus , (2) Strongyloides felis , (2) Strongyloides fuelleborni , (2) Strongyloides kellyi , (2) Strongyloides myopotami , (2) Strongyloides papillosus , (2) Strongyloides planiceps , (2) Strongyloides procyonis , (2) Strongyloides ransomi , (2) Strongyloides simiae , (2) Strongyloides stercoralis HTLV-1, clinical aspects HTLV-1, diagnosis intestinal nematodes, Strongyloides stercoralis Toxocara canis Strongyloides westeri intestinal nematodes, Strongyloides stercoralis Strophanthus hispidus medical problems caused by plants, poison - cardiac glycosides Strophanthus kombe , (2) Strophantus sp ectoparasites, beetles and blister beetle dermatitis Strychnos nuxvomica medical problems caused by plants, introduction tetanus, differential diagnosis Strychnos toxifera medical problems caused by plants, synaptic toxins Suncus murinus hantaviruses, transmission Supunna picta spiders, species Suramin african trypanosomiasis, treatment onchocerciasis, treatment , (2) Sylvisorex ollula Ebola virus, transmission Synosyllus fonquerniei plague, prevention Syphacia muris helminthiasis, other nematodes Syphacia obvelata , (2) Systemic itraconazole AIDS, treatment of candidiasis - T - Tabanus sp. african trypanosomiasis, vector, mechanical transmission Tabanus sp. myiasis, tabanids Tachardia sp. leprosy, history of dapsone and dyes Taenia asiatica cestodes, taeniasis helminthiasis, other Cestodes Taenia crassiceps , (2) Taenia saginata cestodes, taeniasis helminthiasis, other Cestodes Taenia solium cestodes, cysticercosis cestodes, taeniasis , (2) helminthiasis, other Cestodes Post-travel, meningitis - encephalitis Taenia taeniaeformis helminthiasis, other Cestodes Taenia taiwanensis cestodes, taeniasis Tafenoquine malaria, treatment Takifugu rubripes ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Tanacetum cinerariifolium malaria, prevention , (2) Taraxacum officinale trematodes, liver flukes Taricha sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Tatera rodents, genera Tatera sp. plague, transmission and epidemiology Taxus brevifolia medical problems caused by plants, introduction TDS protozoa, Babesiosis, treatment Tegenaria agrestis spiders, species Tenofovir AIDS, treatment, nucleotide-analogues Terbinafine medical mycology, chromomycosis, therapy medical mycology, onychomycosis, therapy medical mycology, sporotrichosis, therapy Medical mycology, Tinea, therapy , (2) visceral leishmaniasis, treatment Ternidens deminutus helminthiasis, other nematodes intestinal nematodes, hookworms Tetanus clinical aspects diagnosis differential diagnosis exercises general prevention prognosis summary treatment Tetracycline cholera, treatment Haverhill fever, treatment sodoku, treatment ehrlichia, treatment leptospirosis, treatment lymphatic filariasis, treatment onchocerciasis, treatment , (2) plague, therapy relapsing fever, treatment rickettsiosis, treatment tropical sprue, treatment Tetraodon fahaka ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Tetraodon mbu , (2) Tetraodon miurus , (2) Tetrazepam HTLV-1, treatment Thalassiosira sp. ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Thaumetopoea pityocampa ectoparasites, erucism and lepidopterism Thaumetopoea processionea , (2) Theileria parva african trypanosomiasis, prevention and control Thelazia californiensis helminthiasis, other nematodes Thelazia callipaeda , (2) Thelothornis kirtlandii snakes, taxonomy, Colubridae Theraphosa leblondi spiders, general spiders, species Thermophilus aquaticus: arenaviruses, Lassa fever, diagnosis Thevetia nerifolia medical problems caused by plants, poison - cardiac glycosides Thevetia peruviana , (2) Thioacetazone tuberculosis, treatment Tinea mentagrophytes var. interdigitale medical mycology, supericial mycoses Tinea rubrum , (2) Tinidazole amoebiasis, intestinal amoebiasis, treatment giardiasis, treatment Tipranavir AIDS, treatment, other medication Tityus bahiensis scorpions, taxonomy Tityus serrulatus scorpions, distribution scorpions, taxonomy Tityus trinitatis , (2) Tizanidine HTLV-1, treatment lathyrism, treatment Todarodes pacificus helminthiasis, other nematodes Tolypocladium inflatum leprosy, clinical aspects, specific problems Topical chlorhexidine protozoa, Acanthamoeba sp., treatment Topical miconazole AIDS, treatment of candidiasis medical mycology, superficial candidosis, therapy protozoa, Acanthamoeba sp., treatment Topical neomycin , (2) Topical steroids , (2) Toxicodendron radicans medical problems caused by plants, allergy Toxicodendron rydbergi , (2) Toxocara canis helminthiasis, other nematodes Post-travel, meningitis - encephalitis Toxocara canis catis , (2) Toxocara cati helminthiasis, other nematodes Toxocara pteropodis , (2) Toxocara vitulorum , (2) Toxoplasma gondii AIDS, late clinical manifestations AIDS, opportunistic infections treponematoses, congenital syphilis Toxorhynchites sp. arbovirusus, yellow fever, diagnosis malaria, prevention, biological control Trachelas sp. spiders, species Trachinus draco ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, cnidaria Trachipleistophora anthropophthera protozoa, Microspora Trachipleistophora hominis , (2) Trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis clinical presentation diagnosis general history summary treatment Trapa natans helminthiasis, other Trematodes Trechona venosa spiders, species Trematodes helminthiasis, Trematodes - Flukes Treponema carateum treponematoses, Pinta Treponema endemicum treponematoses, congenital syphilis Treponema pallidum AIDS, late clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of focal CNS rabies, differential diagnosis treponematoses, general Treponema pallidum pallidum treponematoses, venereal syphilis Treponema pertenue treponematoses, Framboesia or Yaws or Pian Treponematoses congenital syphilis exercises Framboesia or Yaws or Pian general non-venereal syphilis, bejel, njovera or treponarid overview Pinta prevention summary venereal syphilis Triatoma barberi Chagas' disease, vectors Triatoma braziliensis , (2) Triatoma dimidiata , (2) Triatoma gerstaeckeri , (2) Triatoma infestans Chagas' disease, clinical course Chagas' disease, vectors Triatoma phyllosoma , (2) Triatoma protracta , (2) Triatoma rubida , (2) Triatoma sanguisuga , (2) Triatoma sordida , (2) Trichinella britovi tissue nematodes, Trichinella spiralis Trichinella pseudospiralis , (2) , (2) Trichinella spiralis , (2) Trichinella spiralis nelsoni , (2) Trichinella spiralis spiralis , (2) Trichobilharzia brevis schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Trichobilharzia ocellata , (2) schistosomiasis, mollusca, taxonomy Trichobilharzia stagnicolae schistosomiasis, animal schistosome species Trichodectes canis helminthiasis, other Cestodes Trichodesmium erythreum ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, introduction Tricholoma equestre mycotoxins Trichophyton equinum medical mycology, supericial mycoses Trichophyton mentagrophytes , (2) Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale , (2) Trichophyton rubrum , (2) Trichophyton schonleini , (2) Trichophyton verrucosum , (2) Trichostrongylus affinis helminthiasis, other nematodes Trichostrongylus axei , (2) Trichostrongylus brevis , (2) Trichostrongylus calcaratus , (2) Trichostrongylus capricola , (2) Trichostrongylus colubriformis , (2) , (2) Trichostrongylus lerouxi , (2) Trichostrongylus orientalis , (2) Trichostrongylus probolurus , (2) Trichostrongylus skrjabini , (2) Trichostrongylus vitrinus , (2) Trichuris suis intestinal nematodes, Trichuris trichiura, cycle Trichuris trichiura intestinal nematodes, Trichuris trichiura Trichuris vulpis helminthiasis, other nematodes Tricicum sp mycotoxins, ergotism Triclabendazole Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, treatment Tricula schistosomiasis, vector Trimeresurus albolabris snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Trimeresurus flavoviridis snakes, treatment, prevention Trimeresurus gramineus snakes, taxonomy, Crotalidae Trimeresurus monticola , (2) Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus , (2) Trimeresurus okinavensis , (2) Trimeresurus popeiorum , (2) Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus , (2) Trimeresurus stejnegeri , (2) Trimeresurus wagleri , (2) Trimethoprim AIDS, opportunistic infections, treatment of Pneumocystis carinii AIDS, treatment of Isospora belli Trimethoprim/ sulphamethoxazole typhoid fever, treatment Triodon macropterus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Trizivir AIDS, treatment, reverse transcriptase inhibitors Tropical sprue clinical aspects diagnosis differential diagnosis general geographical distribution treatment Tropical ulcer clinical features differential diagnosis introduction prevention prognosis and social importance summary treatment Tropidechis carinatus snakes, treatment, antivenom Trovafloxacin leprosy, therapy Trybizine african trypanosomiasis, treatment, medications seldom used Trypanosoma brucei brucei african trypanosomiasis, history Trypanosoma brucei gambiense african trypanosomiasis, clinical african trypanosomiasis, diagnosis, serology african trypanosomiasis, general african trypanosomiasis, history african trypanosomiasis, prevention and control african trypanosomiasis, reservoir Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense african trypanosomiasis, clinical african trypanosomiasis, general african trypanosomiasis, history african trypanosomiasis, reservoir Trypanosoma congolense african trypanosomiasis, general, other infections Trypanosoma cruzi , (2) Chagas' disease, diagnosis Chagas' disease, introduction Chagas' disease, prevention Trypanosoma cruzi I Chagas' disease, clinical course Trypanosoma cruzi II , (2) Trypanosoma evansi african trypanosomiasis, general, other infections rabies, transmission Trypanosoma lewisi african trypanosomiasis, general, other infections Trypanosoma sanguinis african trypanosomiasis, history Trypanosoma vivax african trypanosomiasis, general, other infections Tuberculosis clinical aspects diagnosis exercises general prevention summary treatment Tularaemia clinical presentation diagnosis differential diagnosis general prevention prevention and transmission summary treatment Tunga penetrans ectoparasites, fleas treponematoses, Framboesia or Yaws or Pian, differential diagnosis Turbatrix aceti helminthiasis, other nematodes Turbinaria ornata ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, ciguatera Typhoid fever clinical aspects diagnosis differential diagnosis exercises general history military impact physiopathology prevention summary transmission treatment Tyrophagus sp ectoparasites, mites - U - Uncinaria stenocephala intestinal nematodes, hookworms Urtica dioica medical problems caused by plants, physico-chemical skin irritation - V - Vaejovus sp. scorpions, taxonomy Valaciclovir AIDS, treatment of Herpes simplex AIDS, treatment of Herpes Zoster Valganciclovir AIDS, treatment of Cytomegalovirus Valproic acid cestodes, cysticercosis, treatment Velesunio ambiguus medical problems caused by plants, introduction Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis clinical presentation general prevention summary Vibramycin lyme disease, treatment tropical sprue, treatment Vibrio cholerae cholera, toxins Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor cholera, general Vibrio cholerae non-O1 cholera, other Vibrios Vibrio cholerae O1 cholera, general Vibrio cholerae O139 , (2) Vibrio fluvialis cholera, other Vibrios Vibrio hollisae , (2) Vibrio minicus , (2) Vibrio parahaemolyticus , (2) Vicia fava haematology, G6PD deficiency, clinical presentation Vipera ammodytes snakes, description snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae Vipera aspis , (2) Vipera berus berus , (2) Vipera latastei , (2) Vipera lebetina snakes, snake venom snakes, taxonomy, Viperidae Vipera palestinae , (2) Vipera russelli , (2) Vipera xanthina , (2) Virus differential diagnosis of viral infections, by symptoms reservoirs of exotic viruses routes of viral transmission Vitamin deficiencies beriberi general pellagra rickets - osteomalacia scurvy Vitex agnus-castus medical problems caused by plants, ricin Vittaforma corneae protozoa, Microspora Voriconazole medical mycology, chromomycosis, therapy - W - Watsonius watsoni helminthiasis, other Trematodes West Nile Fever clinical presentation diagnosis differential diagnosis epidemics geographical distribution prevention reservoir summary surveillance transmission treatment virus Wohlfahrtia sp. ectoparasites, myiasis Wolbachia lymphatic filariasis, endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis malaria, prevention, biological control Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis, general Wuchereria lewisi dirofilariasis and other zoonotic filariases - X - Xenopsylla astia plague, transmission and epidemiology Xenopsylla braziliensis , (2) Xenopsylla cheopis ectoparasites, fleas plague, general plague, transmission and epidemiology rickettsiosis, transmission, via fleas plague, prevention - Y - Yellow fever clinical presentation diagnosis differential diagnosis epidemiology general historical note prevention recent developments summary treatment vectors and transmission zoonosis Yersinia enterocolitica plague, transmission and epidemiology Yersinia pestis anthrax, pulmonary anthrax, differential diagnosis plague, general Pox diseases, biological weapons and Rebirth Island tularaemia, differential diagnosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis plague, transmission and epidemiology - Z - Zalcitabine AIDS, treatment, reverse transcriptase inhibitors Zidovudine , (2) Ziehl-Neelsen stain leprosy, diagnosis Ziehl-Neelsen staining tuberculosis, diagnosis Zizania aquatica helminthiasis, other Trematodes vitamin deficiencies, beriberi, rice Zizania texana , (2) Zosimus aeneus ciguatera and other marine biotoxins, tetrodotoxin intoxication Zuzania sp. lymphatic filariasis, vector control Zygodontomys brevicauda New World arenaviruses, transmission